Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Magnesium Alloy Materials Kumarobhothi Alula

1. Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye nesicelo samarobhothi

Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi kuqhubeka nokuvuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kuye kwanda kusuka emkhakheni wezimboni wokuqala kuya kwezokwelapha kanye nezempilo, izinsizakalo zempilo, isikhala nolwandle ukuhlola, ezempi nokuzijabulisa, njll. Amarobhothi ngeke agcine imboni yokukhiqiza ibe yinto entsha isigaba, kodwa futhi sizoletha ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela obungakhiqizi.

Njengamanje, i-United States, i-Japan, i-Europe, iNingizimu Korea kanye namanye amandla ezimboni enza intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-robotics futhi akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamarobhothi endaweni ebalulekile yamasu ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke amazwe. Ku-"Made in China 2025", i-China iphinde ibheke "amathuluzi omshini we-CNC aphezulu kanye namarobhothi" njengenye yezindawo eziyinhloko ze-10 zokuthuthukiswa, futhi iphakamisa "ukugxila kumarobhothi ezimboni, amakhono, njengezimoto, imishini, i-electronics, izimpahla eziyingozi. ukukhiqiza, izimboni zezokuvikela kazwelonke, ezempi, zamakhemikhali nezilula. 

Izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi, kanye namarobhothi esevisi afana nezokwelapha nempilo, izinsizakalo zasekhaya, imfundo nokuzijabulisa, ucwaningo ngenkuthalo futhi luthuthukise imikhiqizo emisha, futhi lukhuthaze ukumiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemodular kwamarobhothi. "The "National Medium and Long-term Uhlaka Lohlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe (2006-2020)" futhi lubheka ngokusobala amarobhothi esevisi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu yesu lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuze athuthuke esikhathini esizayo, futhi ahlongoza "ukugxila ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa kwerobhothi lesevisi, izindlela zokuklama ucwaningo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, nokulawula okuhlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obujwayelekile njengokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zohlelo lokusebenza" [5]. 

Njengamanje, ukuminyana okumaphakathi kwamarobhothi ezimboni asetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza emhlabeni ngamayunithi angama-55 kubasebenzi abayizi-10,000, kuyilapho ukuminyana kwamarobhothi ezimboni eShayina kungamayunithi angama-36 kuphela kubasebenzi abayizi-10,000. Uma kubhekwa isizinda esingenhla, "ukushintsha umshini" sekuyinkambo evamile. E-Guangzhou, omele imboni yokukhiqiza e-Pearl River Delta, uhulumeni uhlongoze ukuthi ngo-2020, ngaphezu kwama-80% amabhizinisi akhiqizayo edolobheni kufanele asebenzise amarobhothi ezimboni kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kabanzi kuzinqubo ezifana ne- uyanyathela, ukushisela, kanye nemigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo embonini yokukhiqiza, amarobhothi angasetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni semisebenzi evamile eyenziwa ngesandla njengokugaya, ukushisela okuyinkimbinkimbi, nokupholisha. U-Apple usebenzisa amarobhothi amabili e-KUKA electronic ukupholisha ukubukeka kwe-Mac Pro kabili ukukhiqiza indawo efana nesibuko. 

Ngemva kokuba ukupholisha kwangaphandle sekuqediwe, irobhothi lizophinde lipholishe ingaphakathi legobolondo le-Mac Pro, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Amarobhothi ashiselayo adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-hull welding esezingeni eliphezulu futhi ephumelelayo, futhi kancane kancane ashintshela ekubeni azishintshayo. . INingizimu Korea yamukele irobhothi le-PDA elisekelwe ku-PDA lokushisela i-Rail Runner, elingangena esakhiweni esivalekile somkhumbi onamasondo amabili odinga ukushiselwa, futhi isebenze endaweni yokushisela eqinile yegesi enobuthi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, esikhundleni sokusebenza ngesandla. ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo. 

I-PTJ iyibhizinisi elibanzi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elithembele kusizinda sobuchwepheshe se-Chinese Academy of Sciences futhi ligxile ekwenziweni kokuklama kwezingxenye zamarobhothi ezihlakaniphile, ukukhiqiza, nokuthengisa kwasekhaya nokwangaphandle. Ithimba lenkampani lasungulwa ngo-2010 futhi sekuyisikhathi eside lizibophezele ekucubungulweni kwezingxenye zensimbi nezepulasitiki ezisebenza ngokunemba kakhulu, ezinobunzima obukhulu, neziguga kalula, kanye nokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwengxubevange ekhanyayo kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela (ezinjalo. njenge-magnesium-lithium alloy, magnesium-aluminium alloy, carbon fiber, njll.) izingxenye. Futhi izinsiza zokuthengwa kwezingxenye zamarobhothi nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini ezingakhiqizi nakho kuya ngokuya kuhlukahluka. I-Amazon ihlomise amarobhothi anamasondo e-Kiva angaphezu kuka-15,000 esikhungweni sawo sokusabalalisa ukuze abone ukuthi i-warehouse automation, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. La marobhothi ahamba ngokushesha nangokuthula. Ngemva kokuthola iziqondiso zedijithali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwentambo ikhompuyutha emaphakathi, baskena amalebula ekhodi yebha phansi ukuze bahambe, bawashelele ngaphansi kwamashalofu, bese bewathumela kubakhi. Irobhothi elingaphansi kwamanzi elingu-R2D4 elithuthukiswe yi-Japan linokujula okuphezulu okungama-4000m, lingakwazi ukuqoqa idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi lingasetshenziselwa izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kolwandle, ukuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi kanye namadiphozithi amaminerali. 

Uchungechunge lwe-CR-01 kanye ne-CR-02 yamarobhothi angaphansi kwamanzi ahlelwe ngaphambilini futhi alawulwa, asebenzisana neRussia yi-Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, anokujula okuphezulu okungama-6000m, futhi aqede ukuhlola oLwandlekazi iPacific. . Mayelana namarobhothi asemkhathini, i-Robonaut, irobhothi elakhiwe yi-NASA e-United States, lizothatha indawo yosomkhathi emsebenzini ongaphezu kwezimoto, futhi isivinini salo sokusabela siyashesha ukwedlula esabantu, ukujwayela izimo eziphuthumayo ezingalindelekile.

Njengamanje, iShayina isingene emphakathini osekhulile, futhi izinkinga zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, nosizo lwabakhubazekile okubangelwa ukuguga kwenani labantu nazo ziye zaletha izingcindezi ezinkulu zezomnotho nezinsiza emphakathini wonke. Amarobhothi okuhlinza amelwe amarobhothi e-da Vinci amelela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lamarobhothi ezokwelapha amanje, futhi abonisa namathemba okusebenza okubanzi kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha. 

Amarobhothi e-Exoskeleton nawo akhombise izinzuzo zawo ekusizeni abantu abadala nabakhubazekile ukuthi bahambe. Amandla ohlelo lokusebenza. Mayelana namarobhothi ezokwelapha, izibhedlela eziningi ezifana neSibhedlela SaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ezweni lami zisebenzisa amarobhothi e-capsule endoscopy esikhundleni se-gastroscope yendabuko yokuhlolwa kwamathumbu. Irobhothi lilingana nekhepisi kuphela. Ngemva kokuba isiguli sithathwe ngomlomo, udokotela angakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi lepheshana lokugaya i-360 ° ngesikrini sokubonisa, futhi ukuhlolwa kungaqedwa cishe emaminithini angu-15, okungenzi nje isiguli sikhululeke, kodwa i-capsule elahlayo iphinde ivimbele. ukuthelelana ngezifo futhi ihlanzeke kakhulu futhi iphephile. . 

Mayelana namarobhothi asebekhulile, iRobot Suit HAL, irobhothi exoskeleton laseCyberdyne yaseJapan, lingasiza iziguli ezinobunzima bokuhamba ukuze zithole ukuhlunyeleliswa, futhi lifanele futhi ukusiza asebekhulile ekuhambeni. Irobhothi lingasiza ogqokile ukuthi aqedele ukuma, ukuhamba, ukubamba nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, njll. Isenzo, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo singafinyelela ku-280min.

2. Izinto zerobhothi nezindlela zazo ezingasindi

Njengamanje, amamaki ahlukahlukene wezinto zensimbi angukukhetha kokuqala kwezinto zokwenziwa kwamarobhothi ahlukahlukene, njenge-cast iron, i-alloy steel, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium alloy ne-titanium alloy. Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamarobhothi ochwepheshe amelwe amarobhothi wendabuko ezimboni ukuthi adinga ukuba namandla anele. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye zazo eziningi zesakhiwo zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zensimbi yensimbi, i-alloy steel nezinye izinto, kanti ezinye izingxenye zenziwe nge-aluminium alloy nezinto eziyinhlanganisela. Linda.

Kucatshangelwa izidingo eziphakeme zerobhothi elitholayo nelokuhlenga ukuze linciphise isisindo salo, ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokuzinzile, njll., ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni sensimbi engu-45# ngefilaksi yefilaksi ifayibha yemvelo eqiniswe i-thermoplastic resin matrix noma i-thermosetting resin composite material ukwenza okuyinhloko. umzimba werobhothi elibonayo, isisindo somzimba oyinhloko sehliswa sibe ngu-45 kg, okungaphansi kuka-190.5 kg kunesisindo somzimba wemoto yasekuqaleni, futhi izinga lokunciphisa isisindo liphezulu njengo-80.9%. Amarobhothi esevisi yasekhaya anezidingo eziphansi kancane zamandla ezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa anezidingo ezengeziwe zesisindo serobhothi noma ukuphatheka. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esiyisisekelo samarobhothi esevisi ngokuvamile sisebenzisa izinto ze-aluminium alloy. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sengalo yerobhothi yesevisi yabantu abadala senziwe nge-7075 aluminium alloy. 

Idizayini engasindi yengalo ibonakala ngokuthuthukisa isakhiwo, futhi izidingo zayo zokusebenza ziqinisekisiwe. Njengabamele amarobhothi akhubazekile, amarobhothi e-exoskeleton anezidingo eziphakeme zokunciphisa isisindo nokuphatheka. Isibonelo, irobhothi le-EKSO (Umfanekiso 5) we-exoskeleton lisebenzisa i-aluminium ne-titanium alloy njengesakhiwo salo somshini, futhi isisindo salo siphelele singama-23kg kuphela. Irobhothi le-PRMI elizimele lehlisa isisindo somzimba we-exoskeleton eliphansi leNyuvesi ye-Electronic Science and Technology yezwe lakithi nalo lenziwe nge-aluminium alloy.

Ngamafuphi, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhanya okulula, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okulula kwamarobhothi, amarobhothi alula angumkhuba wokuthuthuka wesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa okungasindi, izinto ezingasindi zibaluleke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo esingasindi, izinto ezilula zenza irobhothi libe namandla amakhulu okunciphisa isisindo kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Izinzuzo 3.The Isicelo engasindi magnesium izinto kumarobhothi

Izinto zensimbi irobhothi ezingazikhetha ikakhulu zifaka insimbi, i-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy, i-titanium alloy, njll. Njengoba ubukhulu bezinto zensimbi bufinyelela ku-7.8g / cm3, yize inani elincane lezingxenye ezihambayo zerobhothi zisebenzisa i-titanium izinto ze-alloy (4.5g / cm3) noma izinto ze-aluminium alloy (2.7g / cm3) esikhundleni sezinto zensimbi, inani lama-alloys e-titanium lisaphakeme kakhulu. Okuphakeme futhi okubizayo, ukuminyana kwe-aluminium alloy nakho kuphakeme kune-magnesium alloy.

Njengensimbi yesakhiwo esilula kunazo zonke, i-magnesium noma i-magnesium alloy inokuqina okungu-2/3 okwe-aluminium, okungaphansi kuka-1/4 kwaleyo yensimbi. Okwezinhlanganisela ze-polycarbonate eziqukethe i-30% yengilazi yefayibha, ubukhulu be-magnesium abudluli ku-10% wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yezinsimbi yezwe lami igcina kuphela u-18.7% no-2.3% wobukhulu bomhlaba, kepha izinsizakusebenza zezwe lami le-magnesium zicebe kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-magnesium kunezinzuzo ezihlukile zezinsizakusebenza. Ngakho-ke, izinto ze-magnesium ne-magnesium alloy zinezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekwehliseni isisindo, ukwenza ngcono ukuqhutshwa kwamarobhothi, nokukhuthazela ngenxa yesisindo sabo esincane namandla amakhulu athile. Zingezinye zezinto ezifanele kakhulu zokwenziwa kwamarobhothi.

Ukungasindi kwezinto zamarobhothi kungakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo futhi kukhulise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi wayo, kugqamisa izinzuzo zamarobhothi ekwehliseni i-motion inertia, ukwenza ngcono isivinini sokusebenza nokunemba kokuhamba. I-ASIMO yesizukulwane sesithathu (Umdwebo 6) weHonda Company yaseJapan yenziwe nge-alloy engasindi, kanti igobolondo layo lenziwe nge-magnesium alloy. Lokhu kwehlisa kakhulu isisindo salo irobhothi, futhi ijubane layo lokuhamba liyakhuphuka lisuka ku-1.6km / h laya ku-2.5. km / h, isivinini esikhulu sokugijima sifike ku-3km / h.

Yize izinto ze-magnesium alloy bezisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kumarobhothi, esinye sezingqinamba ezibalulekile esivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-magnesium alloy emkhakheni wezingxenye zamarobhothi namanje ukuthi amandla nobulukhuni bamamaki akhona we-magnesium alloys aphansi kunalawo ensimbi ne-aluminium ama-alloys. Kusekhona igebe kuzidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zokwenziwa kwamarobhothi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ngokuphelele insimbi, i-aluminium alloy nezinye izinto. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-alloys we-magnesium asebenzayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bawo bokwenza nokucubungula izingxenye zamarobhothi kubaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezihamba ngamarobhothi, ukwenza ngcono ukunemba kokuhamba, nokufeza ukonga amandla.

Ngo-Okthoba 2015, i-Beijing University of Technology yethula i-"Big Scientific Research Advancement Program-Intelligent Robots" ukuphendula isimo samanje socwaningo kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa emkhakheni wamarobhothi. Ngokungeziwe kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuvamile obuvamile, izingxenye ezibalulekile, umshini ophelele we-R&D, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwamarobhothi ahlakaniphile, uhlelo lugxile ocwaningweni. Isici esiphawulekayo ukuthi igqamisa "izinto ezingasindi zamarobhothi" ezimelelwe izinto ze-magnesium alloy. ucwaningo olubalulekile lwezobuchwepheshe". 

"Uhlelo olukhulu lwentuthuko yocwaningo" luncike eqenjini le-R&D kanye nezinzuzo zeplathifomu ye-R&D yeSikole Sezinto Zesayensi Nobuchwepheshe sase-Beijing University of Technology emkhakheni wezinto ezilula ze-magnesium alloy iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, futhi lisebenzisa i-magnesium esebenza kahle njengale. njenge-Mg-Zn-Er, Mg-Gd-Er-Zr, njll. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo yokuklama impahla yengxubevange, ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo esihle, indlela yokwenza ipulasitiki, njll., okuhloswe ngayo izidingo zamarobhothi ezokwelapha anenani eliphezulu kanye amarobhothi afuywayo mayelana nokukhanya kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha eziqinile futhi eziqinile ze-magnesium alloy njengomgomo wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezingxenye ze-Magnesium alloy ezisetshenziswa kumarobhothi enkonzo yasekhaya njengezokwelapha/ukugcinwa kwendlu, njll., ukugxila ku-lightweight zezingalo zamarobhothi anjalo nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo, futhi kancane kancane ubone ukuncipha kwesisindo samarobhothi enkonzo yasekhaya.

Ngokomongo wemboni yezwe lami ekhiqizwayo ebhekene nokuguqulwa kwezimboni kanye nokuguqulwa komphakathi osugugile, kule minyaka eyishumi noma emashumini alandelayo, isidingo samarobhothi endabuko asezimbonini kanye namarobhothi amasha wesevisi yasekhaya sizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi amandla emakethe yamarobhothi abaluleke kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingasindi ze-alloy ezimelwe ngama-magnesium alloys kumarobhothi kunezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthambeka kwamarobhothi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokwandisa isikhathi sokulinda. Ngenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zocwaningo nentuthuko yamarobhothi.

Xhumanisa nale ndatshana: Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Magnesium Alloy Materials Kumarobhothi Alula

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