Imishini ye-lathe ibe yingxenye eyisisekelo yokwenza imishini amakhulu eminyaka, ivumela ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye eziqondile neziyinkimbinkimbi ze-cylindrical. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezinquma impumelelo yokusebenza kwe-lathe ukukhethwa nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika. Lawa mathuluzi eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo, osayizi, kanye nezinto zokwakha, ngayinye yakhelwe imisebenzi ethile efana nokujika, ukubhora, ukubheka, ukukhanga, nokuningi. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola umhlaba wamathuluzi okusika ama-lathe, sibheke ezinhlotsheni zawo, izici, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zemiphumela yemishini elungile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi osemusha ofuna ukufunda okuyisisekelo noma umakhi wemishini onolwazi ofuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, lesi sihloko sihlose ukukunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wamathuluzi okusika i-lathe.

Isigaba 1: Amathuluzi Okuguqula

Imisebenzi yokuguqula iyisisekelo somshini we-lathe, edlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni izingxenye ze-cylindrical ngokunemba nokunemba. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukukhipha okokusebenza kucezu lokusebenza ngokuluzungezisa ngokumelene nethuluzi lokusika, elivame ukugxunyekwa ku-spindle. Ukushintsha kubalulekile ezimbonini ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa ezezimoto, i-aerospace, ezokukhiqiza, nokunye, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda amathuluzi asetshenziswa kule nqubo. Amathuluzi okuguqula, kumongo womshini we-lathe, amathuluzi okusika akha futhi acwengisise ama-workpieces ngesikhathi sokujika. Ziza ngohlu olubanzi lwamafomu, izinto zokwakha, kanye namajiyometri ukuze zivumelane nezidingo nezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwamathuluzi okuguqula kanye nezinhlobo zawo ezihlukene kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo yokwenza imishini.

1.2. Izinhlobo Zamathuluzi Okuguqula

Amathuluzi okuguqula atholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa, ngalinye lakhelwe ukubhekelela izidingo ezithile zomshini. Ake sihlole izigaba ezithile ezijwayelekile:

• 1.2.1. Amathuluzi Ensimbi Yesivinini Esiphezulu (i-HSS):Amathuluzi ensimbi yesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS) abe yisisekelo sokwenza imishini amashumi eminyaka. Adume ngokuguquguquka kwawo, njengoba ekwazi ukusika izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezisansimbi nezingeyona insimbi, amapulasitiki, ngisho nokhuni. Amathuluzi e-HSS angagcina ubulukhuni bawo kanye nekhono lokusika emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, awenze afaneleke ukujika ngesivinini esikhulu.
• 1.2.2. Amathuluzi Okufaka I-Carbide: Amathuluzi okufaka i-Carbide athole ukuduma ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okungavamile nokumelana nokuguga. Lawa mathuluzi afaka okufakwayo okushintshwayo kwe-carbide okunikeza imiphetho ebukhali kanye nempilo yamathuluzi enwetshiwe. Zinhle kakhulu ekuguquleni izinto eziqinile njengensimbi engagqwali, machining iron cast, kanye nama-alloys angavamile. Amathuluzi okufaka i-Carbide avame ukusetshenziswa kuyo yomibili imisebenzi yokulungisa nokuqeda.
• 1.2.3. Amathuluzi Edayimane: Amathuluzi okuguqula idayimane asebenzisa idayimane lokwenziwa njengento yokusika. Amadayimane adume ngobulukhuni bawo, okuvumela ukulungisa okucacile wezinto eziqinile kakhulu njenge-ceramics nengilazi. Amathuluzi edayimane afaneleka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqedwa kwendawo ephezulu nokunemba kobukhulu.
• 1.2.4. Amathuluzi e-Cermet:Amathuluzi e-Cermet ayingxube ye-ceramics nezinsimbi, enikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina nokuqina. Zikulungele kahle ukwenza ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu nezinsimbi eziqinile. Amathuluzi e-Cermet ahamba phambili ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemishini enesivinini esikhulu, lapho angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi agcine ukusebenza kwawo kokusika.
• 1.2.5. Amathuluzi e-Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN):Amathuluzi e-Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) aphakathi kwamathuluzi okusika anzima kakhulu atholakalayo, okwesibili ngemuva kwedayimane. Zilungele ukwenza izinsimbi eziqinile nama-superalloys. Amathuluzi e-CBN anikeza ukumelana nokugqokwa okukhethekile, okuwenza afanelekele ukusikeka okuqhubekayo nokuphazamiseka ezintweni eziyinselele.

1.3. Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Lokuguqula Ngakwesokudla

Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lokuguqula kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esithonya impumelelo yomsebenzi womshini. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ithuluzi lokuguqula:

• 1.3.1. Ukuhambisana Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Impahla yokusebenza iyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni amathuluzi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene zinobunzima obuhlukahlukene, ukuhuqwa, kanye ne-thermal conductivity. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi elikhethiwe liyahambisana nezinto zokusebenza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukwehluleka kwamathuluzi.
• 1.3.2. Ijiyomethri Yethuluzi:Ijiyomethri yethuluzi, okuhlanganisa nokuma kwalo, i-rake angle, nama-engeli okususwa, kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokusika. Cabangela izimfuneko ezithile zomsebenzi wokujika, njengokugwedla noma ukuqeda, bese ukhetha ithuluzi elinejiyomethri efanele ukuze ulungiselele imiphumela.

1.4. Amathiphu okuguqula ngempumelelo

Ukufeza imisebenzi yokuguqula ngempumelelo kudinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane nokunemba. Nawa amanye amathiphu abalulekile wokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamathuluzi okuguqula:

• 1.4.1. Ukusethwa Okufanelekile Kwethuluzi Nokuqondanisa:Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi ligxunyekwe ngokuvikelekile futhi liqondaniswe ngokufanele epalini lethuluzi le-lathe. Noma yikuphi ukungaboni ngaso linye kungaholela ekuqedeni kahle kwendawo, ukuguga kwamathuluzi, nokuncipha kokunemba.
• 1.4.2. I-Machining Parameters kanye ne-Surface Qeda Ukucatshangelwa: Lungisa imingcele yokusika njengejubane lokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusikwa ngokuya ngezinto zokusebenza kanye nohlobo lwamathuluzi. Lawula ngokucophelela la mapharamitha ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho osifunayo, ukunemba kobukhulu, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-chip.

Sihlole umhlaba wamathuluzi okuphendula kumashini we-lathe. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokushintsha imisebenzi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi okuguqula atholakalayo, izici ezithonya ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi, namathiphu abalulekile okuguqula ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela yomshini enembayo nephumelelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngamathuluzi ensimbi esivinini esikhulu noma izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Carbide, Diamond, Cermet, noma i-Cubic Boron Nitride, ithuluzi lokukhetha elilungile lingenza umehluko ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zecylindrical zekhwalithi ephezulu. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizocubungula amanye amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe abalulekile, sandise ulwazi lwethu lomshini we-lathe ngokuqhubekayo.

Isigaba 2: Amathuluzi Ayisicefe

2.1. Isingeniso Samathuluzi Ayisicefe

Imisebenzi eyisicefe ibalulekile ku inqubo machininges, okuvumela ukukhuliswa okunembile noma ukucolisiswa kwezimbobo ezikhona kuma-workpieces. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idala izimbobo ezinosayizi onembile kumabhulokhi enjini noma ukuthola ukubekezelelana okuqinile ezingxenyeni ze-cylindrical, amathuluzi ayisicefe abalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi sigaba, sizongena emhlabeni wamathuluzi ayisicefe asetshenziswa ekwenzeni imishini ye-lathe. Amathuluzi ayisicefe, njengoba negama liphakamisa, aklanyelwe ukubhoboza izimbobo ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho izindlela zokumba ezijwayelekile zingenele noma lapho imbobo idinga ukuqondisa ngokunembile isici esikhona. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi eyisicefe kanye nokuthola imininingwane ngezinhlobo zamathuluzi ayisicefe atholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela enembile yokwenza imishini.

2.2. Izinhlobo Zamathuluzi Ayisicefe

Amathuluzi ayisidina ahlanganisa uhla lwamathuluzi akhethekile, ngalinye lakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ake sihlole ezinye izigaba ezijwayelekile zamathuluzi ayisicefe:

• 2.2.1. Amabha ayisicefe: Imigoqo eyisicefe iguquguquka futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumshini we-lathe. Lawa mathuluzi azacile, amade ayakwazi ukufinyelela ekujuleni kwezinto zokusebenza ukuze abhoboze izimbobo ngokunembile. Amabha ayisicefe angakwazi ukumumatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zokufaka, azenze zifaneleke kokubili ukusebenza okuqinile nokuqeda.
• 2.2.2. Amakhanda Ayisicefe:Amakhanda abhokayo anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu mayelana nokulungisa ububanzi bebhore. Ahlanganisa indikimba egcina ithuluzi lokusika kanye nendlela yokulungisa okungeziwe. Lokhu kuvumela ochwepheshe bemishini ukuthi balawule ngokunembile usayizi we-bore phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini.
• 2.2.3. Amathuluzi Okuyisicefe Nokuqeda Amathuluzi:Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenza okuyisicefe kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ukugoqa nokuqeda. Amathuluzi ayisicefe adizayinelwe ukususwa kwezinto ngamanani aphezulu okuphakelayo, kuyilapho amathuluzi wokuqeda ayisicefe ahlinzeka ngokunemba okudingekayo kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yalawa mathuluzi kuvumela ukusebenza kahle nokunemba okuyisicefe.

2.3. Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Eliyisicefe Elilungile

Ukukhetha ithuluzi eliyisicefe elifanele kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela eyimpumelelo yokwenza imishini. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukukhethwa kwethuluzi eliyisicefe:

2.3.1. Izici Ezithonya Ukukhetha Kwethuluzi Eliyisicefe

• I-Workpiece Material: Impahla eyenziwa ngomshini ithinta kakhulu ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi. Izinto eziqinile zingadinga ukufakwa kwamathuluzi okukhethekile okufakwe i-carbide, kuyilapho izinto ezithambile zingase zenziwe ngomshini ngokuphumelelayo ngamathuluzi ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS).
• Usayizi Wembobo Nokubekezelela: Usayizi ofunwayo wokubhoboza kanye nokuqina kokubekezelelana kunquma ukukhetha kwethuluzi eliyisicefe. Amakhanda abhokayo avame ukukhethwa lapho ukulawula okunembayo phezu kobubanzi bobhore kudingekile.
• Ukujula Kwebhobo: Ukujula kwembobo kunomthelela ekukhethweni kwethuluzi, njengoba izibhobo ezinde zingadinga imigoqo eyisicefe enokufinyelela okunwetshiwe.
• Izimo Zomshini: Cabangela indawo yomshini, njengokuthi ingabe i-CNC lathe noma i-lathe manual, kanye noketshezi olutholakalayo lokusika kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa.

2.3.2. Izilinganiso Zokususwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Nokulungiswa Kwamathuluzi

Ukuze ulungiselele imisebenzi eyisicefe, kubalulekile ukusetha imingcele yokusika efanele, okuhlanganisa isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika. Ukulungiswa kwale mingcele kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ezintweni zokusebenza kanye nethuluzi elikhethiwe eliyisicefe. Ukulinganisa kahle amazinga okususwa kwezinto ngokulungiswa kwamathuluzi kuqinisekisa ukusetshenzwa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ukunemba.

2.4. Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokubhoka Okuphumelelayo

Ukuzuza ukunemba nokugcina ukubekezelelana okuqinile emisebenzini eyisicefe kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela emikhubeni ehamba phambili. Nawa amanye amathiphu abalulekile:

• 2.4.1. Ukusethwa Kwamathuluzi kanye Nokubamba Kocezu Lokusebenza: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi eliyisicefe lifakwe ngokuphephile futhi liqondaniswe nesiqeshana sokusebenza. Ukusethwa kahle kwethuluzi kunciphisa ukudlidliza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokusika. I-clamping ye-workpiece evikelekile ibaluleke ngokufanayo ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini.
• 2.4.2. Ukuzuza Ukubekezelelana Okuqinile kanye Nokuqedwa Kwendawo: Ukuze ufinyelele ukubekezelelana okuqinile, yenza izinguquko ezikhuphukayo kuthuluzi eliyisicefe ngenkathi uqapha usayizi webhore ngezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezinembayo. Hlala uhlola futhi ulondoloze ukucija konqenqema ukuze uqinisekise ukuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu.

Kulesi sigaba, singene sijule endaweni yamathuluzi ayisicefe asetshenziswa ekwenzeni ama-lathe machining. Imisebenzi eyisicefe ibalulekile ekwenzeni imishini enembayo, okuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezimbobo ezinosayizi onembile neziqondanisiwe kuzingcezu zokusebenza. Ukuqonda izinhlobo zamathuluzi ayisicefe, izici ezithonya ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi, kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zemisebenzi eyisicefe ephumelelayo kubalulekile kochwepheshe bemishini abahlose ukukhiqiza izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa imigoqo eyisicefe, amakhanda ayisicefe, noma inhlanganisela yamathuluzi aqinile nokuqeda, ukhiye wokuphumelela oyisicefe usekusetheni ithuluzi ngokucophelela, ukukhetha ngokucophelela imingcele yokusika, nokuzibophezela ekuzuzeni ukubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nokuqedwa okuphezulu kwendawo. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoqhubeka nokuhlola kwethu amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe, ahlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene ze-lathe machining ukuze sithuthukise ukuqonda kwakho le nsimu ebalulekile.

Isigaba 3: Amathuluzi Okubhekana

3.1. Isingeniso Samathuluzi Okubhekana

Ukusebenza okubhekene nomshini we-lathe kubalulekile ekudaleni izindawo eziyisicaba nezibushelelezi emaphethelweni ezinto zokusebenza eziyisilinda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifinyelela emaphethelweni e-a umphini noma ukuqinisekisa indawo eqondile yokukhwelana yezingxenye, okubhekenwe nakho kuyinqubo evamile futhi ebalulekile yokwenza imishini. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola indima yokubhekana nokusebenza futhi singene sijule emhlabeni wamathuluzi abhekene nawo asetshenziswa emshinini we-lathe. Amathuluzi okubhekana, njengoba negama lawo lisho, angamathuluzi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ebhekene ngokuphumelelayo. Benza ochwepheshe bemishini ukuba basuse izinto ngokulinganayo ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza, okuholela endaweni eyisicaba futhi ebushelelezi. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokubhekana nokusebenza kanye nokuthola imininingwane ezinhlotsheni zamathuluzi abhekene nawo atholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yemishini enembile futhi ejabulisa ngobuhle.

3.2. Izinhlobo Zamathuluzi Okubhekana

Amathuluzi okubhekana nawo afika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngalinye lihambisana nezidingo ezithile ezibhekene nazo. Ake sihlole ezinye izigaba ezijwayelekile zamathuluzi abhekene nawo:

• 3.2.1. I-Facing Mills: Izigayo ezibhekene nazo zingamathuluzi okusika aklanyelwe ukusebenza okubheke phezulu ngesivinini. Ngokuvamile zifaka imiphetho eminingi yokusika noma okufakwayo, okuvumela ukususwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo. Izigayo ezibhekene nazo ziyahlukahluka futhi zilungele izinto ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi namapulasitiki.
• 3.2.2. Amathuluzi Okuguqula Ubuso: Amathuluzi okulungisa ubuso akhethekile ukuze enze imifantu noma izikhala ebusweni bomsebenzi. Lawa mathuluzi angasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-O-ring grooves noma imishini yokuhlobisa. Amathuluzi okulungisa ubuso ayatholakala kumajiyometri ahlukahlukene ukuze afake amaphrofayili athile e-groove.
• 3.2.3. Izinhloko Eziyisicefe Zokubhekana Nazo:Amakhanda abhokayo, njengoba kushiwo esigabeni esidlule, angasetshenziselwa ukubhekana nemisebenzi lapho kudingeka ukulawula okunembile phezu kwendawo eqediwe. Zivumela ukulungiswa okungeziwe ekujuleni kokusikwa, okuqinisekisa imiphumela ebhekene nenembile.

3.3. Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Lokubhekana Nesokudla

Ukukhetha ithuluzi elibhekene elifanele kubalulekile ukuze uthole imisebenzi ebhekene ngokuphumelelayo. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela ekukhethweni kwethuluzi elibhekene nalo: 3.3.1. Ijiyomethri Yomsebenzi Nokucatshangelwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Cabangela ukwakheka nosayizi wengcezu yokusebenza, kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo. Amathuluzi ahlukene abhekene nawo angase afaneleke kakhulu kuma-workpieces ayisicaba, ayisilinda, noma anomumo ongajwayelekile. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinto zingase zidinge izinto zamathuluzi ezithize noma okokunamathela ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle. 3.3.2. Izidingo Zokuqedela I-Surface Finish kanye Nokukhethwa Kwamathuluzi: Indawo engaphezulu efiselekayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni amathuluzi. Ukuze uthole ukuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, amathuluzi anemiphetho ebukhali yokusika kanye nekhono lokwenza ukulungiswa okuhle kuyakhethwa. Amakhanda anesithukuthezi, isibonelo, anikeza ukulawula okunembayo phezu kokuqedwa kwendawo ngenxa yokulungiswa kwawo okukhulayo.

3.4. Amasu Abalulekile Wokubhekana Nempumelelo

Ukuthola impumelelo ekubhekaneni nemisebenzi kudinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane nokunemba. Nawa amanye amasu abalulekile wokubhekana ngempumelelo:

• 3.4.1. Ukuma Kwethuluzi Nokuqondanisa: Misa kahle futhi uqondanise ithuluzi elibheke nendawo yokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukususwa kwempahla kanye nendawo eyisicaba, ebushelelezi. Ukungaqondi kahle kungaholela ekuphambeni kahle kwendawo kanye nemiphumela engemihle.
• 3.4.2. Ukubhekana Nezisetshenziswa Ezihlukahlukene kanye Nezimo Zokusebenza: Lapho ubhekene nezinto ezihlukene, lungisa imingcele yokusika njengejubane lokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika ngokufanele. Qaphela ukuma kwe-workpiece futhi ucabange ukuthi ithuluzi elikhethiwe liyifanele yini i-geometry ethile, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nezingxenye ezinokwakheka okungavamile.

Kulesi sigaba, sihlole indawo yokubhekana namathuluzi emishini ye-lathe. Imisebenzi yokubhekana ibalulekile ekudaleni izindawo eziyisicaba nezibushelelezi kuma-cylindrical workpieces, futhi ukukhetha ithuluzi elibheke kwesokudla kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba nokuqedwa kwendawo oyithandayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa izigayo ezibheke phezulu ekusebenzeni kwesivinini esikhulu, amathuluzi okulungisa ubuso okudala ama-grooves, noma amakhanda ayisicefe ukuze ubhekane ngokuqondile, ukuqonda indima yokubhekana nokusebenza nokulandela amasu ayinhloko okusebenza okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezinembile nezijabulisa ngobuhle. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoqhubeka nokuhlola kwethu amathuluzi okusika i-lathe, sihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe zomshini we-lathe ukuze sandise ukuqonda kwakho le nsimu ebalulekile.

Isigaba sesi-4: Amathuluzi Okucupha I-Chamfering Nemicu

4.1. Isingeniso se-Chamfering and Thread Cutting

I-Chamfering kanye nokusika intambo kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ezisebenza izindima ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. I-Chamfering ihlanganisa ukuvevelisa imiphetho yezimbobo, imiphetho, noma indawo yokusebenza, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwazo, ubuhle nokuphepha. Ukusika intambo kuyinqubo yokudala imicu yesikulufu kuma-workpieces angama-cylindrical, okuvumela ukuhlangana kwezingxenye noma ukunikeza indlela yokubopha. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukubaluleka kwe-chamfering kanye nokusika intambo emshinini we-lathe futhi sethule amathuluzi asetshenziselwa le misebenzi. Amathuluzi okusika i-Chamfering nentambo amathuluzi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukwenza le misebenzi ngokunemba nangempumelelo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nezinhlobo zamathuluzi atholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo yokwenza imishini.

4.2. Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okusika i-Chamfering ne-Thread Cutting

Amathuluzi okusika i-Chamfering kanye nentambo ahlanganisa izigaba ezahlukahlukene, ngasinye sihambisana nezidingo ezithile zomshini. Ake sihlole ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zalawa mathuluzi:

• 4.2.1. Amathuluzi e-Chamfering: Amathuluzi e-Chamfering, aziwa nangokuthi izigayo ze-chamfer noma ama-countersinks, aklanyelwe ukudala imiphetho enama-beveled ezintweni zokusebenza. Ziza ngomumo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okuvumela ochwepheshe bemishini ukuthi bakhiphe izimbobo, imiphetho, noma indawo engaphezulu. Amathuluzi e-Chamfering athuthukisa ubuhle nokusebenza kwe-workpiece, anciphisa imiphetho ebukhali, futhi athuthukise ukuhlanganisa.
• 4.2.2. Amathuluzi Okusika Imicu: Amathuluzi okusika intambo abalulekile ekudaleni imicu yesikulufu kuma-workpieces angamacylindrical. Ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ompompi bochungechunge lwangaphakathi futhi zifela imicu yangaphandle. Amathuluzi okusika intambo ayatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zentambo nama-pitches, awenza aguquguquke ezinhlelweni ezahlukene.
• 4.2.3. Amathuluzi Wokujaha Uchungechunge: Amathuluzi okujaha uchungechunge, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-thread chaser, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa noma ukubuyisela izintambo ezilimele ezintweni zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa lapho imicu yasekuqaleni igugile noma ilimele, iqinisekisa ukulingana okufanele kwezingxenye ezinentambo. Amathuluzi okujaha uchungechunge eza ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze afanise amaphrofayili ochungechunge oluthile nosayizi.
• 4.3. Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Elilungile le-Chamfering kanye ne-Thread Cutting

Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele le-chamfering noma ithuluzi lokusika intambo kubalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela ephumelelayo yomshini. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi:

• 4.3.1. Ukucatshangelwa kwe-engeli kanye nosayizi: Ngamathuluzi ahlekisayo, i-engeli ye-chamfer oyifunayo kanye nosayizi we-workpiece inquma ukukhetha kwethuluzi. Ama-engeli ahlukene enza izinjongo ezihlukile, njengama-chamfer angu-45-degree ukuze asetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile noma ama-engeli angu-90-degree ngokudala ama-engeli alungile.
• 4.3.2. Izinhlobo Zochungechunge Nokukhethwa Kwephimbo:Lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okusika intambo, cabangela uhlobo lwentambo (isb, imethrikhi noma ehlanganisiwe) kanye nokuphakama kwentambo edingekayo. Ukufanisa ithuluzi nohlobo oluthile lwentambo kuqinisekisa amaphrofayili entambo afanele kanye nokulingana kwentambo okunembile.

4.4. Amasu Anembile Wokucupha I-Chamfering kanye Nentambo

Ukuze uthole ukunemba ekusikeni nasekusikeni intambo, kubalulekile ukulandela imikhuba namasu angcono kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo:

• 4.4.1. Ukusethwa Okufanelekile Kwethuluzi Nokuqondanisa:Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika i-chamfering noma intambo lifakwe ngokuphephile futhi liqondaniswe nomsebenzi. Ukungaqondi kahle kungaholela ekungalungi kahle kanye nemiphumela engemihle. Ukwengeza, gcina ukucaciswa kwamathuluzi ngendlela efanele kanye ne-overhang ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwamathuluzi.
• 4.4.2. Ukuzuza Amaphrofayili Ochungechunge Anembile kanye nama-Chamfer Angles: Ngokusika intambo, qapha ukujula kwentambo, iphimbo, kanye nephrofayili ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imicu ihlangabezana nokucaciswa okufunayo. Lapho u-chamfering, qinisekisa i-engeli ye-chamfer nobukhulu usebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa afanelekile ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho esifiselekayo kanye nokusebenza.

Kulesi sigaba, sihlole umhlaba we-chamfering kanye namathuluzi okusika intambo kumishini ye-lathe. Amathuluzi e-Chamfering asiza ukuthuthukisa ubuhle, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kwezingcezu zokusebenza ngokudala imiphetho enama-beveled, kuyilapho amathuluzi okusika intambo anika amandla ukudalwa kwezingxenye ezinentambo ngezinjongo zokuhlanganisa nokubopha. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwe-chamfering kanye ne-threading, ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lale misebenzi, kanye nokulandela amasu anemba kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo yokwenza imishini. Noma ngabe usebenzisa amathuluzi e-chamfering ukuze unciphise imiphetho ebukhali noma amathuluzi okusika intambo ukuze udale imicu enembayo, ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoqhubeka nokuhlola kwethu amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe, sihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe zomshini we-lathe ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho le nsimu ebalulekile.

Isigaba 5: Amathuluzi Okukhulisa Nokuhlukanisa

5.1. Isingeniso Samathuluzi Wokuhlukanisa Nokuhlukanisa

Imisebenzi ye-grooving kanye nokuhlukanisa ibalulekile emshinini we-lathe, osebenza izindima ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye eziqondile. I-grooving ihlanganisa ukusika izinqe noma amashaneli kucezu lokusebenza, ngokuvamile ngezinjongo ezinjengokufaka ama-O-rings, izindandatho zokubamba, noma izici zokuhlobisa. Ukuhlukanisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyinqubo yokusika i-workpiece ibe yizicucu ezihlukene noma ukususa izingxenye ezingafuneki. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokusebenza kwe-grooving kanye nokuhlukanisa futhi sethule amathuluzi asetshenziselwa le misebenzi kumishini ye-lathe. Amathuluzi e-grooving nawokuhlukanisa angamathuluzi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukwenza le misebenzi ngempumelelo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nokuzuza ukuqonda ngezinhlobo zamathuluzi atholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela enembile yokwenza imishini.

5.2. Izinhlobo Zamathuluzi Okwehlukanisa Nokuhlukanisa

Amathuluzi okugaya nawokuhlukanisa ahlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye yakhelwe izidingo ezithile zomshini. Ake sihlole ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zalawa mathuluzi:

• 5.2.1. Amathuluzi Okuhlukanisa: Amathuluzi okuhlukanisa, aziwa nangokuthi amathuluzi asikiwe, aklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa ucezu lokusebenza lube izingcezu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Afaka unqenqema oluhlabayo futhi atholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nosayizi. Amathuluzi okuhlukanisa asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokusika ingxenye yenduku noma ukudala izingxenye ezihlukile kucezu lokusebenza olulodwa.
• 5.2.2. Amathuluzi Okukhulisa: Amathuluzi okugaya asetshenziselwa ukudala amashaneli, ama-recesses, noma ama-grooves phezu kwendawo yokusebenza. Lawa mathuluzi eza ngamajiyometri ahlukahlukene ukuze afake amaphrofayili athile e-groove. Amathuluzi okukhulisa ahlukahlukene futhi angasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengokudala okhiye, amaphethini okuhlobisa, noma izici zokugcina.
• 5.2.3. I-Treading and Cut-off:Amanye amasistimu amathuluzi e-lathe asebenzisa i-threading ne-cut-off installs engasebenza kokubili imisebenzi yokulutha nokuhlukanisa. Lezi zinto ezifakiwe zenzelwe ukukhiqiza imicu ngokunemba kanye nokusika izinto zokusebenza ngokuhlanzekile. Atholakala ngosayizi abahlukene kanye namaphrofayili entambo ukuze ahambisane nezidingo ezithile.

5.3. Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Elilungile Lokuhlukanisa Nokuhlukanisa

Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele le-grooving noma lokuhlukanisa kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela eyimpumelelo yomshini. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi:

• 5.3.1. Ububanzi, Ukujula, Nokucatshangelwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile:Cabangela ububanzi nokujula komsele odingekayo lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okugaya. Ukwengeza, i-workpiece material ithonya ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kanye ne-coating, njengoba izinto eziqinile zingadinga amathuluzi akhethekile wokusika kahle.
• 5.3.2. Ijiyomethri Yethuluzi kanye nama-engeli okusula:Ijiyomethri yethuluzi, okuhlanganisa i-rake angle, ama-engeli okususwa, kanye nejometri enqenqemeni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni amathuluzi. I-geometry yethuluzi elifanele iqinisekisa ukuphuma okusebenzayo kwe-chip, amandla okusika ancishisiwe, nempilo yamathuluzi eyandisiwe.

5.4. Amasu Asebenzayo Okwehlukanisa Nokuhlukanisa

Ukuzuza impumelelo ekusebenzeni kwe-grooving kanye nokuhlukanisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwamasu nezindlela ezihamba phambili. Nakhu okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile:

• 5.4.1. I-Workpiece Clamping kanye Nokuma Kwethuluzi:Ukubamba okufanele kwe-workpiece kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlidliza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza luhlala lusendaweni evikelekile ngesikhathi sokugodla noma ukuhlukana. Ukuma kwethuluzi okunembile kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela ehlanzekile nenembayo.
• 5.4.2. Ukuzuza Imiphumela Ehlanzekile Yokuhlukanisa Nokukhulisa:Gcina imingcele yokusika efanelekile, njengejubane lokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusikwa, ukuze uqinisekise ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo kwe-chip kanye nokuguga okuncane kwamathuluzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi unqenqema lwethuluzi lubukhali, futhi usebenzise ukusethwa kwethuluzi elifanele ukuze ufinyelele ama-grooves ahlanzekile nanembile noma imigqa yokuhlukanisa.

Kulesi sigaba, sihlole umhlaba wamathuluzi e-grooving nawokuhlukanisa kumashini we-lathe. Amathuluzi okukhulisa anika amandla ukudalwa kwamashaneli, izindawo zokuhlala, nemigodi ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, kuyilapho amathuluzi okuhlukanisa ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ngokuhlanzekile izinto zokusebenza zibe izigaba ezihlukene. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwale misebenzi, ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lokugwedla nokuhlukanisa, nokusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela enembile nesebenzayo yokumaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlukanisa ukuze usike izingcezu zokusebenza zibe izingxenye ezihlukene noma amathuluzi okuhlunga ukuze udale amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi, ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoqhubeka nokuhlola kwethu amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe, sihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe zomshini we-lathe ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho le nsimu ebalulekile.

Isiphetho

Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sihlole anhlobonhlobo amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe asetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphenduka, ukubhoreka, ukubheka, ukukhanga, ukusika intambo, ukugoba, nokuhlukanisa. Lawa mathuluzi adlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wemishini ye-lathe, evumela ochwepheshe bemishini ukuthi bakhe izingxenye ezinembile neziyinkimbinkimbi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Isigaba ngasinye salo mhlahlandlela sinikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ngokubaluleka kwemisebenzi ethile yokwenza imishini futhi yethula izinhlobo zamathuluzi okusika asetshenziswa kakhulu. Sixoxisane ngezinto ezithonya ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi, ukubaluleka kokuhambisana kwezinto, kanye nendima yejiyomethri yamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokusika ekuzuzeni imiphumela emihle. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sigcizelele ukubaluleka kokunemba, ukusethwa kwethuluzi elifanele, ukuqondanisa, nokunamathela emikhubeni ehamba phambili yokunyathelisa amalebula ngempumelelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi osanda kufunda ofuna ukufunda okuyisisekelo noma umakhi wemishini onolwazi ofuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, ulwazi olwethulwa lapha lusebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokubhekisela kanye nokwenza ngcono amakhono akho okwenza imishini. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, umhlaba wamathuluzi okusika i-lathe usalokhu uguquguquka futhi ushintsha njalo, unikeza amathuba amasha okuqamba izinto ezintsha nokunemba ekukhiqizeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyaphenduka, uyabhora, ubheke, uyathandeka, uyalutha, uyagoqa, noma uyahlukana, ulwazi olunikezwe kulo mhlahlandlela lukuhlomisa ngezinto eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ukuze uphumelele emshinini we-lathe. Khumbula ukuthi ukukhethwa kwethuluzi elifanele lokusika kanye nekhono lamasu okunemba kuvame ukuba izihluthulelo zempumelelo emshinini we-lathe. Ngokuqhubekayo ucija amakhono akho, ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngentuthuko yamathuluzi, nokwamukela ubuciko nesayensi yomshini we-lathe ngokungangabazeki kuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezihlukile kalula nangokuvumelana. Njengoba uqala uhambo lwakho ngomshini we-lathe noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho akhona, sengathi lo mhlahlandlela ophelele ungasebenza njengesithenjwa esibalulekile kanye nomthombo wogqozi, okuvumela ukuthi uvule amandla aphelele omshini wakho we-lathe futhi uzuze imiphumela emangalisayo emizamweni yakho yokwenza imishini. .