Ukusetha ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe kuyikhono eliyisisekelo lanoma yimuphi uchwepheshe wemishini, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nemishini yokuphendula i-Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Ukusetha ithuluzi elifanele kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile nenembile yokwenza imishini. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizocubungula imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ulisetha kanjani ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe lokujika kwe-CNC. Kusukela kokuyisisekelo kwezingxenye zethuluzi le-lathe kuya kumasu athuthukile okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika, lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwenqubo. Ekupheleni kwalo mhlahlandlela, uzoba nolwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze umise ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe ngokuzethemba nangokunemba, uqinisekisa imiphumela emihle ekusebenzeni kwakho kokuguqula i-CNC.

Ukuqonda Lathe Cutting Amathuluzi

Emhlabeni wokwenza imishini, amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe ayizici ezibalulekile ekubumbeni nasekuguquleni izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe izingxenye ezakhiwe ngokunemba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngezinsimbi zezandla zendabuko noma imishini yokujika ye-CNC ethuthukisiwe, ukuqonda okuphelele kwamathuluzi okusika ama-lathe kubalulekile. Kulesi sigaba, sizocubungula ngokujulile izici, imisebenzi, nezinhlobo zamathuluzi okusika i-lathe.

Izici Zamathuluzi Okusika I-Lathe

Amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe aklanyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokumaka, njengokujika, ukubheka, ukugoba, ukuhlanganisa, nokunye. Lawa mathuluzi abelana ngezici ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile:

1. Ubunzima: Amathuluzi okusika i-lathe ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS), i-carbide, noma ezinye izinto zamathuluzi ezikhethekile. Lezi zinto zikhethwa ngenxa yobulukhuni bazo, okuvumela ithuluzi ukuthi limelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusika.
2. Uchwepheshe banamuhla: Unqenqema lokusika lwethuluzi le-lathe yingxenye esusa izinto ezibonakalayo kucezu lokusebenza. Idizayinelwe ukuthi ibukhali futhi icace, futhi ijiyomethri yonqenqema ingahluka kuye ngomsebenzi othile ithuluzi elihloselwe wona.
3. I-Shank: I-shank yethuluzi le-lathe yingxenye eboshelwe kumphathi wamathuluzi. Inikeza ukuzinza kanye rigidity ithuluzi ngesikhathi inqubo machining. Imiklamo ye-Shank ingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwethuluzi kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizi.
4. Isiphathi Sethuluzi: Isiphathi samathuluzi siyingxenye ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekujikeni kwe-CNC, njengoba ibambe ngokuvikelekile ithuluzi le-lathe endaweni. Kufanele inikeze ukuzinza, ukunemba, kanye nokulula ukulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwamathuluzi okulungile.
5. Ijometri: I-geometry yethuluzi lokusika, okuhlanganisa i-engeli ye-rake, i-engeli yokususa, ne-chip breaker, idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwethuluzi. I-geometry efanele ibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhishwa okusebenzayo okusebenzayo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-chip.
6. Ukugqoka: Amathuluzi amaningi okusika ama-lathe afika nezingubo ezikhethekile, njenge-TiN (Titanium Nitride) noma i-TiAlN (Titanium Aluminium Nitride), ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yamathuluzi, kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza.

Imisebenzi Lathe Cutting Amathuluzi

Amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe enza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile enqubweni yomshini:

1. Ukususwa Kwezinto: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamathuluzi okusika i-lathe ukukhipha impahla ku-workpiece. Lokhu kususwa kungenzeka ngokuphenduka (ukuzungezisa ucezu lokusebenza ngenkathi usika), ubheke (ukwakha indawo eyisicaba), noma eminye imisebenzi.
2. Ukulawula Ubukhulu: Amathuluzi okusika anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu bengxenye eyenziwe ngomshini buhambisana nokucaciswa okufunayo. Ukulawula okunembayo kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela enembayo nengaguquguquki.
3. Isiphetho se-Surface: Ikhwalithi yokuqedwa kwendawo inqunywa ubukhali bethuluzi lokusika, ijometri, nemingcele yokusika esetshenzisiwe. Ithuluzi lokusika eligcinwe kahle nelimiswe kahle lifaka isandla ekuqedeni okubushelelezi nokucolekile.
4. Ukulawulwa kwe-chip: Ukulawulwa kwe-chip okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwama-chip nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile nephephile. I-chip breaker kwamanye amathuluzi isiza ukukhishwa kwe-chip.
5. Ukuphumelela: Amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe aklanyelwe ukwenza izinqubo zemishini zisebenze kahle futhi zingabizi. Basiza ukunciphisa udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo futhi bathuthukise impilo yamathuluzi, behlise izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Izinhlobo Lathe Cutting Amathuluzi

Amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe atholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngalinye lenzelwe imisebenzi ethile yomshini. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile:

1. Amathuluzi okuguqula: Lawa mathuluzi ahlukahlukene futhi asetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwe-cylindrical turning. Bangakwazi ukubumba indawo yangaphandle nengaphakathi ye-workpiece.
2. Amathuluzi ayisicefe: Amathuluzi ayisidina asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa noma ukuqeda izimbobo ezikhona. Zenzelwe ukunemba nokunemba emshinini womgodi.
3. Amathuluzi okuhlukanisa: Amathuluzi okuhlukanisa asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ucezu lokusebenza esitokweni esikhulu. Bakha imigqa yokuhlukanisa echaziwe enodoti omncane.
4. Amathuluzi Wokucupha: Amathuluzi okuhlanganisa asetshenziselwa ukusika izintambo emsebenzini. Ziza ngobujamo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngezidingo zokulutha ezihlukene.
5. Amathuluzi Okukhulisa: Amathuluzi okukhulisa adala ama-grooves noma amakhefu kucezu lokusebenza, ngokuvamile ukuze kufakwe ama-O-rings, amaringi okugcina, noma ezinye izici.
6. Amathuluzi Okubhekana: Amathuluzi okubhekana aklanyelwe ukudala izindawo eziyisicaba ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza i-perpendicular surfaces noma ukususa impahla ekupheleni komsebenzi.

Ukuqonda izici nemisebenzi yamathuluzi okusika i-lathe kubalulekile ekukhetheni ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi othize womshini. Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokusika kungathinta kakhulu izinga nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yomshini, okwenza kube yisinqumo esibucayi kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza kwe-lathe. Ukwengeza, ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokusetha ithuluzi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela engaguquki nenembayo, okuzoxoxwa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe kamuva kulo mhlahlandlela.

Izinhlobo Lathe Cutting Amathuluzi

Amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe afika ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngalinye lenzelwe umsebenzi othile wokwenza imishini. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okusika kanye nezicelo zawo kubalulekile ekukhetheni ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi othile. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zamathuluzi okusika i-lathe:

Amathuluzi okuguqula:

• Ithuluzi Lekhala Eliyindilinga: Isetshenziselwa ukuguqula inhloso evamile. Ifaka unqenqema lokusika oluyindilinga futhi ilungele kokubili ukusikeka okuqinile nokuqeda.
• Ithuluzi Ledayimane: Iqanjwe ngonqenqema lokusika olumise okwedayimane, ilungele ukwenziwa kwemishini enembile ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi namapulasitiki.
• Ithuluzi le-Square-Nose: Ifaka unqenqema oluyisikwele futhi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka nokujika amahlombe.

Amathuluzi ayisicefe:Ibha Eyisicefe Yangaphakathi: Isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa nokuqeda izimbobo ezikhona endaweni yokusebenza. Idizayinelwe ukunemba futhi ingakha ubukhulu obunembile bangaphakathi.

Amathuluzi okuhlukanisa:I-Blade yokuhlukanisa: Lawa mathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukusika isiqeshana somsebenzi esitokweni esikhulu. Bakha umugqa wokuhlukanisa ochaziwe onemfucuza encane.

Amathuluzi Wokucupha:

• Ithuluzi lokusika intambo: Idizayinelwe ukudala imicu yangaphandle kucezu lokusebenza. Ziza ngobujamo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngezidingo zokulutha ezihlukene.
• Ithuluzi lokujaha intambo: Isetshenziselwa ukujaha noma ukubuyisela uchungechunge olukhona. Lawa mathuluzi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa intambo.

Amathuluzi Okukhulisa:Ithuluzi Lokukhulisa: Lawa mathuluzi enza ama-grooves noma ama-reces kucezu lokusebenza, ngokuvamile ukuze afake ama-O-rings, izindandatho ezigcinayo, noma ezinye izici.

Amathuluzi Okubhekana:Ithuluzi Lokubhekana: Isetshenziselwa ukudala izindawo eziyisicaba ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukufeza izindawo ezi-perpendicular noma ukususa impahla ekugcineni kwe-workpiece.

Amathuluzi Wokuhlukanisa Nokukhulisa:Ithuluzi Lenhlanganisela: Lawa mathuluzi ahlukahlukene adizayinelwe kukho kokubili imisebenzi yokuhlukanisa kanye ne-grooving, ukonga isikhathi nezinguquko zamathuluzi.

Amathuluzi Wokucupha Nokukhulisa:Ithuluzi lokuhlanganisa kanye ne-Grooving: Ilungele imisebenzi edinga kokubili ukuthunga kanye nokusebenza kokugxusha endaweni yokusebenza efanayo.

Amathuluzi e-Chamfering:Ithuluzi le-Chamfering: Isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-chamfers noma imiphetho eboshwe endaweni yokusebenza. Ama-chamfers avame ukusetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukubukeka nokulula kokuhlangana kwezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini.

Amathuluzi e-Knurling:Ithuluzi le-Knurling: I-Knurling iyinqubo yokudala iphethini ebhaliwe kucezu lokusebenza, ngokuvamile lokubambelela okuthuthukisiwe noma ubuhle. Amathuluzi e-Knurling eza ngamaphethini nemiklamo ehlukahlukene.

Amathuluzi Okwakha:Ithuluzi Lefomu: Lawa mathuluzi adizayinelwe ngokwezifiso ingxenye ethile yejometri, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingajwayelekile.

Amathuluzi Akhethekile:Amathuluzi Wephrofayela: Isetshenziselwa ukudala amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi kucezu lokusebenza.

Amathuluzi Okubuka Nokujika: Lezi zenzelwe kokubili ukusebenza okubhekene nokujika.

Amathuluzi okusika: Idizayinelwe ukusika i-workpiece ukuze udale izingxenye ezihlukene noma ususe izinto ezingaphezulu.

Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokusika elilungile kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokokusebenza okwenziwa ngomshini, isiphetho esifiswayo, ubukhulu obudingekayo, kanye nokusebenza okuthile okwenziwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele futhi uligcine ngendlela efanele ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nangokunembile kwemishini. Ukukhetha kahle ithuluzi, kanye nokusetha nokulungiswa okulungile, kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu ekusebenzeni kwe-lathe.

Izingxenye Zethuluzi Lokusika I-Lathe

Ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe iyithuluzi elinembayo elakhelwe ukubumba, ukusika, nokususa izinto kucezu lokusebenza. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ungayisetha kanjani kahle, kubalulekile ukujwayelana nezingxenye zayo ezihlukahlukene. Nazi izingxenye ezibalulekile zethuluzi lokusika i-lathe:

1. Isiphathi Sethuluzi:Umnikazi wamathuluzi yingxenye evikela ithuluzi lokusika endaweni. Inamathela kokuthunyelwe kwethuluzi le-lathe futhi inikeze ukuqina okudingekayo nokuzinza kwemisebenzi yomshini. Abanikazi bamathuluzi bafika ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze bafake izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okusika.
2. I-Shank:I-shank iyingxenye yethuluzi lokusika elingena kumphathi wamathuluzi. Ngokuvamile i-cylindrical futhi iboshwe ngokuvikelekile ngaphakathi kwesibambi. Ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwe-shank kungase kuhluke ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamathuluzi kanye nomklamo.
3. Uchwepheshe banamuhla:Unqenqema lokusika luyingxenye ebukhali yethuluzi elithintana futhi lisuse impahla ku-workpiece. Izinga lokusika kanye nejometri yalo kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokusika nokuqedwa kwendawo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukucijile nokunemba kwe-cutting edge.
4. Faka:Amathuluzi amaningi okusika anamuhla asebenzisa izinto ezifakwayo ezishintshayo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngezinto eziqinile njenge-carbide noma i-ceramic. Lokhu kufakwa kune-geometry yokusika futhi kuvikelwe ephaketheni ethuluzini lokusika. Zingashintshwa noma zishintshwe lapho sezigugile noma zilimale, kunwebe impilo yethuluzi.
5. Ikhala Lethuluzi:Ikhala lethuluzi iyona kanye ithiphu lethuluzi lokusika lapho unqenqema lokusika nokufaka (uma lisetshenzisiwe) kuhlangana khona. Ikhala lethuluzi kufanele libekwe kahle futhi liqondaniswe ukuze kwenziwe imishini enembile. Amanye amathuluzi okusika ama-lathe anerediyasi yekhala yethuluzi elungisekayo ukuze alawule kangcono ukusebenza kwethuluzi.
6. I-Tool Flank:I-flank yamathuluzi iyindawo eseceleni yethuluzi lokusika elingeyona ingxenye yonqenqema lokusika. Ama-engeli afanele okususa i-flank yethuluzi aqinisekisa ukuphuma kwe-chip futhi anciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi nendawo yokusebenza.
7. Ubuso be-Tool Rake:Ubuso beraki bungaphezulu kwethuluzi lokusika elibhekene nendawo yokusebenza. I-engeli nesimo sobuso beraki kuthinta ukwakheka kwe-chip kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokusika. I-rake angle iyisici esibalulekile sejometri yethuluzi.
8. I-Engeli Yokusiza Yethuluzi:I-engeli yokukhulula i-engeli ephakathi kwe-flank yethuluzi kanye ne-eksisi yethuluzi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi unqenqema aluhlikihli kucezu lokusebenza, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokukhiqiza ukushisa.
9. I-Engeli Yokusula Ithuluzi:I-engeli yokususa i-engeli phakathi kobuso beraki nendawo yokusebenza. Ivumela ama-chips ukuthi ageleze kahle futhi ivimbele ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi.
10. I-Chip Breaker (uma ikhona):Amanye amathuluzi okusika, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-roughing, afaka i-chip breaker, i-groove noma inotshi ebusweni be-rake. I-chip breaker isiza ekulawuleni ukwakheka kwe-chip futhi ithuthukise ukuphuma kwe-chip.

Ukuhlanganiswa okufanele, ukuqondanisa, nokugcinwa kwalezi zingxenye kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe imishini enembile nephumelelayo. Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokusika kanye nokusetha kwalo kufanele kuhambisane nokusebenza komshini othize kanye nezinto ezisetshenzwayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwezingxenye zamathuluzi okusika kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela engaguquki nekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukukhetha Ithuluzi Elilungile Lokusika Lomsebenzi

Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokusika elifanele kuyisinqumo esibalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza kwemishini, njengoba kuthonya kakhulu izinga, ukusebenza kahle, nokunemba komsebenzi. Kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa ithuluzi lokusika elifanele lomsebenzi othile. Nansi inkomba yokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ithuluzi lokusika elilungile lephrojekthi yakho yokwenza imishini:

1. Impahla Yomsebenzi:

Izinto ozenzayo zingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni amathuluzi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene zinobunzima obuhlukahlukene, ukuguquguquka kwe-thermal, kanye ne-abrasiveness. Cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubunzima: Izinto eziqinile njengensimbi eqinile noma izitsha zobumba zidinga amathuluzi okusika anemiphetho eqinile yokusika, njengokufakwa kwe-carbide, ukumelana namandla aphezulu okusika.
• Izinto ezithambile: Ezintweni ezithambile ezifana ne-aluminium noma amapulasitiki, insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS) noma ezinye izinto zamathuluzi zinganele.

2. Ukusebenza komshini:

Umsebenzi othize owenzayo, njengokujika, ukugaya, ukubhola, ukuthunga, noma ukugoba, kuzosho uhlobo lwethuluzi lokusika olidingayo. Amathuluzi ahlukene enzelwe imisebenzi eyahlukene, futhi ukukhetha efanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

3. Isivinini sokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo:

Nquma isivinini esidingekayo sokusika kanye nesilinganiso sokuphakelayo ngokusekelwe kokubalulekile kanye nokusebenza komshini. Abakhiqizi bamathuluzi okusika banikeza izincomo zale mingcele ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwethuluzi nokokusebenza okwenziwa ngomshini. Ukunamathela kulezi zincomo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela oyifunayo.

4. Ithuluzi leJiyomethri:

Cabangela i-geometry yethuluzi lokusika, okuhlanganisa i-engeli ye-rake, i-clearance angle, ne-radius yekhala yethuluzi. I-geometry yethuluzi kufanele ihambisane nezinto kanye nohlobo lokusika. Isibonelo, i-engeli ephozithivu yeraki ifanele izinto ezithambile, kuyilapho i-engeli yeraki engeyinhle ingcono ezintweni eziqinile.

5. Ubukhulu bomsebenzi:

Ubukhulu nobukhulu be-workpiece nakho kunomthelela ekukhethweni kwamathuluzi. Amanye amathuluzi okusika afaneleka kangcono ekusebenzeni okuqinile ukuze asuse izinto eziyinqwaba ngokushesha, kuyilapho amanye adizayinelwe ukuqedelwa ukuze kuzuzwe ubukhulu obunembile kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo.

6. Izidingo Zokuqeda Ubuso:

Uma udinga ukuqedwa kwendawo ethile, khetha ithuluzi lokusika elinejiyomethri efanele kanye nobukhali. Amathuluzi okuqeda adizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuqedwa kwendawo okushelelayo, kuyilapho amathuluzi amabi esebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni izinto.

7. Ithuluzi:

Ukukhetha impahla yamathuluzi kubalulekile. I-Carbide, insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS), i-ceramic, namathuluzi amboziwe konke kunezinzuzo nokulinganiselwa kwakho. Cabangela izici ezifana nempilo yamathuluzi, ukumelana nokuguga, kanye nezindleko zamathuluzi esinqumweni sakho.

8. Ukupholisa kanye Nokugcoba:

Cabangela ukuthi umsebenzi wokusika udinga ukupholisa noma ukuthambisa. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zikhiqiza ukushisa okudlulele ngesikhathi somshini, futhi ukusebenzisa isipholile esifanele noma okokugcoba kungandisa impilo yamathuluzi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika.

9. Izingubo zamathuluzi:

Amathuluzi amaningi esimanje okusika afika nezingubo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-TiN (Titanium Nitride) noma i-TiAlN (Titanium Aluminium Nitride) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana. Khetha ithuluzi elinoqweqwe olufanele lohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile.

10. Izindleko zokucatshangelwa:

Ukulinganisa izindleko zethuluzi lokusika nokusebenza kwalo nokuphila isikhathi eside kubalulekile. Nakuba amathuluzi e-premium angase anikeze ukuphila kwamathuluzi okude nokusebenza okungcono, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi ehambisana nesabelomali sephrojekthi yakho.

11. Isibambi Sethuluzi Nokuhambisana Nomshini:

Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika elikhethiwe lihambisana nesistimu yakho yesibambi sensimbi noma yesikhungo somshini. Umnikazi wamathuluzi kufanele anikeze ukuzinza kanye nokuqina kwethuluzi lokusika ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini.

Ekugcineni, ithuluzi elifanele lokusika lomsebenzi lizoncika ekuhlanganiseni kwalezi zici. Hlala ubheka izincomo zomkhiqizi wamathuluzi futhi ucabange ukufuna iseluleko kochwepheshe bemishini abanolwazi noma ochwepheshe bamathuluzi uma ungaqiniseki. Ukukhetha kahle ithuluzi kanye nokusetha kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yemishini esebenza kahle nenembayo.

Ukusetha Ithuluzi Lokusika I-Lathe

Ukusetha ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe lokuphenduka kwe-CNC kuyinqubo ehlelekile ebandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika libekwe ngendlela efanele futhi liqondaniswe, ekugcineni liholele ekwenzeni imishini enembile futhi ephumelelayo. Ake sihambe enqubeni isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

Isinyathelo soku-1: Ukulungisa i-Lathe ne-Workpiece

Ngaphambi kokuthi usethe ithuluzi lokusika, kubalulekile ukulungisa kokubili i-lathe kanye nendawo yokusebenza:

1. Vikela i-Workpiece: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-workpiece iboshwe ngokuphephile ku-lathe chuck noma i-collet. Qinisekisa ukuthi izungeza ngokushelela ngaphandle kokuzamazama noma ukudlidliza.
2. Ukuphepha: Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha zikhona, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanele zokuzivikela (i-PPE) kanye nezilungiselelo ezifanele ze-lathe.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukukhetha Isibambi Sethuluzi Esilungile

Umphathi wamathuluzi uyingxenye ebalulekile enqubweni yokusetha. Khetha isibambi sethuluzi esifanele ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwethuluzi lokusika, ukusebenza okwenziwayo, kanye nesistimu yokuthunyelwe kwethuluzi le-lathe.

1. Qondanisa Isibambi Sethuluzi Nethuluzi Lokusika: Qinisekisa ukuthi umbambi wamathuluzi uhambisana nohlobo nosayizi wethuluzi lokusika ohlose ukulisebenzisa.
2. Ukuqina Kwesimeli: Khetha isibambi samathuluzi esinikeza ukuzinza nokuqina. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinembayo.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukukhweza Ithuluzi Lokusika

Ukukhweza ithuluzi lokusika kuhilela ukulivikela kusiphathi samathuluzi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi limiswe ngendlela efanele:

1. Vikela Ithuluzi Lokusika: Faka ithuluzi lokusika kusibambi samathuluzi bese uqinisa noma yiziphi izindlela zokubopha, njengezikulufu ezibekiwe noma amakholethi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi ligcinwe ngokuphephile.
2. Isifundo: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika liqondiswe ngendlela efanele mayelana nendawo yokusebenza. Ithuluzi kufanele libekwe ukuze lifake ucezu lokusebenza nge-engeli oyifunayo kanye nokujula.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukulungisa Ubude Bethuluzi Nokuqondanisa Kwesikhungo

Ubude bethuluzi obulungile nokuqondanisa komugqa omaphakathi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ubukhulu bemishini obunembile:

1. Ukulungiswa Kobude Bethuluzi: Lungisa ubude bethuluzi ukuze buqondaniswe ne-lathe's spindle centerline. Sebenzisa i-gauge yobude bethuluzi noma ibha yokuhlola ukuze usethe ithuluzi ekuphakameni okufanele.
2. Ukuqondanisa komugqa omaphakathi: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lihambisana ne-lathe's spindle centerline. Ukungaqondani kahle kungaholela emishinini engekho maphakathi, kuthinte ukunemba kwengxenye.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukusetha Isinxephezelo se-Nose Radius

Ngokujika kwe-CNC, isinxephezelo serediyasi yekhala yethuluzi silandisa ijometri yethuluzi lokusika. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa amathuluzi okufaka:

1. Nquma I-Tool Nose Radius: Linganisa noma ubheke i-radius yekhala ngqo yethuluzi lokusika olisebenzisayo.
2. Faka Inani Lerediyasi: Kusofthiwe yokulawula ye-CNC, faka inani lerediyasi yekhala yethuluzi elilinganisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umshini unxephezela ijometri yethuluzi lapho umshini.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Ukusetha I-Offset yethuluzi

I-akhawunti ye-offset yamathuluzi ngokuhlukahluka kobukhulu bamathuluzi kanye nejometri yesiqeshana somsebenzi. Baqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yethuluzi ilungiswe kahle ukuze kwenziwe imishini:

1. Khetha Ithuluzi Elilungile Offset: Nquma inani elifanele le-offset lethuluzi elisuselwa kujometri yethuluzi kanye nokusebenza komshini. Leli nani le-offset linxephezela noma yikuphi ukungezwani.
2. Faka Amanani Okungaxhunyiwe: Faka amanani akhethiwe we-offset kusofthiwe yokulawula ye-CNC. Lawa manani azofundisa umshini ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani indawo yethuluzi ngokunembile.

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokusetha ithuluzi, sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembayo njengama-micrometer, amageji obude, nezinkomba zokudayela ukuze uqinisekise futhi ulungise ukuqondanisa kwamathuluzi. Hlola njalo futhi ugcine ithuluzi lokusika ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lihlala libukhali futhi lisesimweni esihle, njengoba ithuluzi eligcinwe kahle lifaka isandla emiphumeleni yemishini engaguquki nenembile.

Ukusetha ngendlela efanele ithuluzi lokusika i-lathe kulezi zinyathelo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle ekusebenzeni kokuguqula i-CNC. Ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane ngesikhathi sokusetha ithuluzi yizici ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zomshini zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukuthuthukisa Amapharamitha Wokusika we-CNC Turning

Ukuthuthukisa imingcele yokusika kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokuseqophelweni eliphezulu kwe-CNC. Izici ezine ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kulungiswa imingcele yokusika isivinini kanye nokuphakelayo, ukujula kokusikwa, uketshezi lokusika kanye nezinto zokugcoba, kanye nokuphathwa kwempilo yamathuluzi.

1. Isivinini kanye nokudla:

• a. Isivinini Sokusika (Ijubane Lobuso):Isivinini sokusika, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isivinini esiphezulu, isivinini lapho ucezu lokusebenza nethuluzi lokusika lihlangana khona. Ikalwa ngamamitha angaphezulu ngomzuzu (i-SFM) noma amamitha ngomzuzu (m/min). Ukuze uthuthukise isivinini sokusika, cabangela okokusebenza okwenziwa ngomshini nokokusebenza kwethuluzi. Amathuluzi ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS) anezivinini zokusika ezinconyiwe eziphansi kunamathuluzi e-carbide, isibonelo.Xhumana nedatha yomkhiqizi wamathuluzi noma amabhukwana omshini ukuze unqume isivinini sokusika esinconyiwe sezinto ezithile kanye namathuluzi.
• b. Izinga lokuphakelayo:Izinga lokuphakelayo yijubane eliwumugqa lapho ithuluzi lokusika lithuthukela kucezu lokusebenza. Ikalwa ngamayintshi i-revolution (IPR) noma amamilimitha ngokuphenduka ngakunye (mm/rev). Ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokuphakelayo, cabangela izici ezifana nezakhiwo ezibalulekile, i-geometry yamathuluzi, kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo oyithandayo. Amazinga okuphakelayo aphezulu ngokuvamile akhiqiza kakhulu kodwa angase adinge ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi aqinile.
• c. Isivinini Sokusika Nobudlelwano Bezinga Lokuphakelayo:Ukulinganisa isivinini sokusika kanye nezinga lokudla kubalulekile ekususeni izinto ezisebenzayo. Ukwenyuka kwesivinini sokusika ngokuvamile kuvumela izinga eliphezulu lokuphakelayo, kodwa kokubili kufanele kulungiswe ndawonye ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguga kwamathuluzi nokushisa ngokweqile.

2. Ukujula Kokusika:

• a. Ukujula Kokusika (DOC):Ukujula kokusikwa yibanga ithuluzi lokusika elingena kulo endaweni yokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukucabangela amandla wento kanye nethuluzi. Lungiselela ukujula kokusikwa ngokusekelwe ebukhuni bento kanye namandla ethuluzi nokuqina. Ukusikeka okungajulile kungase kudingeke ezintweni eziqinile, kuyilapho ukusikeka okujulile kungazuzwa ngezinto ezithambile.
• b. Ukujula kwe-Axial kanye neRadial Cut:Ekujikeni kwe-CNC, cabangela kokubili i-axial (ehambisana nobude bocezu lokusebenza) kanye ne-radial (kuwo wonke ububanzi bocezu lokusebenza) ukujula kokusikwa. Ukujula okuhle ngakunye kuzohluka ngokuya ngokusebenza nokokusebenza.

3. Ukusika Uketshezi Nezigcobo:

• a. Ukukhetha i-Fluid yokusika kwesokudla:Ukusika uketshezi kubalulekile ekuqedeni ukushisa, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, nokuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwe-chip. Khetha uketshezi olufanele lokusika olususelwe kumsebenzi kanye nokusebenza komshini.Isipholisi esincibilikayo emanzini, esisekelwe kuwoyela wamaminerali, noma izipholile zokwenziwa zingakhethwa ezintweni ezihlukene.
• b. Isicelo esifanele:Gcoba uketshezi lokusika ngendlela efanele endaweni yokusika ukuze uqinisekise ukugcotshwa nokupholisa okwanele. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokupholisa izikhukhula, amasistimu wenkungu, noma ukulethwa kwe-coolant ngethuluzi, kuye ngamakhono omshini.
• c. Ukuqapha Nokunakekela:Gada njalo amazinga okusika uketshezi, isimo, kanye nokungcoliswa kwawo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ahlala esebenza kahle. Gcina amasistimu okusika amanzi ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezifana nokukhula kwebhaktheriya kanye nokuwohloka.

4. Ukuphathwa Kwempilo Yamathuluzi:

• a. Ukuhlola Ithuluzi Nokugcinwa:Sebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuhlola nokulungisa ithuluzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amathuluzi asesimweni esihle. Amathuluzi abuthuntu noma alimele angaholela kwikhwalithi ephansi yokwenza imishini kanye nempilo yamathuluzi encishisiwe.
• b. Ishejuli Yokushintsha Ithuluzi:Sungula ishejuli yokushintsha ithuluzi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nokuguga kwamathuluzi, isikhathi sokugcina somshini, nezimfuneko zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwamathuluzi okungalindelekile futhi kugcinwe ikhwalithi engaguquki yokwenza imishini.
• c. Ukuthuthukisa Impilo Yamathuluzi:Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zamathuluzi nezingubo zokugqoka zinikeza ukuphila kwamathuluzi okude. Cabangela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze ulungiselele impilo yamathuluzi futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuphumula sokukhiqiza.
• d. Ukulawula i-Chip yethuluzi:Ukulawulwa kwe-chip okusebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqamuleli ze-chip kanye nejometri yethuluzi elifanele, kunganweba impilo yamathuluzi ngokunciphisa ukuguga okubangelwa yi-chip.

Ukuthuthukisa amapharamitha wokusika ekuguquleni kwe-CNC kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Ukuhlola nokulungisa kahle kungase kudingeke ukuze uthole amapharamitha angcono kakhulu ohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Qaphela futhi ulungise le mingcele ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle komshini, impilo yamathuluzi, nengxenye yekhwalithi. Imingcele yokusika eyenziwe kahle ayithuthukisi ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kuphela kodwa futhi inciphisa ukuguga kwamathuluzi futhi, ekugcineni, izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile Kusilungiselelo Samathuluzi

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile ekusethweni kwamathuluzi kuyikhono elibalulekile lochwepheshe bemishini kanye nabaqhubi be-CNC. Ukuqonda nokubhekana nalezi zinkinga kungasiza ekugcineni ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yemisebenzi yomshini. Nazi ezinye izinkinga ezivamile zokusethwa kwamathuluzi nezisombululo zazo:

1. Ingxoxo Yamathuluzi:

Inkinga: Ukuxoxa ngamathuluzi kwenzeka lapho ithuluzi lokusika lidlidliza phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, okuholela ekuqedeni kahle kwendawo, ukuguga kwamathuluzi, kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kucezu lokusebenza.

Isixazululo:

1. Yehlisa Isivinini noma Nyusa Okuphakelayo: Lungisa imingcele yokusika ngokunciphisa isivinini sokusika noma ngokukhuphula izinga lokuphakelayo. Lolu shintsho lungadambisa ukudlidliza futhi lunciphise ukuxoxa.
2. Hlola Ukuqina Kwethuluzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi isibambi samathuluzi kanye nethuluzi kuvikelwe ngendlela efanele nokuthi ithuluzi alinwebeki kude kakhulu nesibambi.
3. Hlola i-Workpiece Clamping: Qiniseka ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza luboshwe ngokuvikelekile ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukudlidliza okuhlobene nocezu lokusebenza.
4. Sebenzisa Izindlela Zokunciphisa: Eminye imishini iza nezici zokudambisa ukudlidliza. Uma ekhona, cabanga ukuwasebenzisa.
5. Khetha Ithuluzi Eliqinile: Ithuluzi eliqinile, njengelo elinomtshingo omncane, lingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuxoxa.

2. I-Surface Engasebenzi kahle:

Inkinga: Ukuqedwa kahle kwendawo kungase kubangele izinkinga zokusetha ithuluzi noma amapharamitha okusika, okuholela ezindaweni ezimaholoholo noma ezingahambisani nendawo yokusebenza.

Isixazululo:

1. Hlola Ithuluzi Jiyomethri: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-geometry yethuluzi lokusika ilungele ukusebenza. Ithuluzi elibukhali elinejiyomethri elungile libalulekile ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho esihle.
2. Lungiselela Amapharamitha Wokusika: Lungisa isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika ukuze uthole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yezinto ezithile nokusebenza.
3. Hlola i-Tool Wear: Hlola ithuluzi ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala, njengamaphethelo aqhephukile. Shintsha noma ugaye kabusha ithuluzi njengoba kudingeka.
4. Sebenzisa Uketshezi Lokusika Olufanelekile: Ukugcoba nokupholisa ngendlela efanele kungathinta kakhulu ukuphela kwendawo. Sebenzisa uketshezi olufanele lokusika le nto kanye nokusebenza.
5. Nciphisa Ukudlidliza: Bhekana nezinkinga zokudlidliza ukuze ugweme ukudala ukungahambi kahle kwendawo.

3. Ukunganembi kobukhulu:

Inkinga: Izingxenye zingase zibe nobukhulu obungalungile ngenxa yokungaqondani kahle kwamathuluzi noma ukuguga kwamathuluzi.

Isixazululo:

1. Hlola Ukusethwa Kwethuluzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lisethwe ngendlela efanele nobude obulungile kanye nokuqondanisa maqondana nomsebenzi.
2. Umshini Wokulinganisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini we-CNC ulinganiswe ngendlela efanele nokuthi uhumusha ngokunembile ukususwa kwamathuluzi nedatha yamathuluzi.
3. Lungisa I-Offset Yethuluzi: Lungisa noma yimaphi amaphutha ekususweni kwamathuluzi ngokulinganisa ngokunembile ithuluzi bese ufaka amanani afanele we-offset kusilawuli se-CNC.
4. Hlola i-Tool Wear: Hlola njalo ithuluzi lokusika ukuthi ligugile futhi ulishintshe noma uligaye kabusha uma kudingeka.

4. Izinkinga Zokulawula I-chip:

Inkinga: Ukulawulwa kwe-chip okungalungile kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuvala i-chip, ukuphuma okungalungile kwe-chip, kanye nokulimala kocwecwe lokusebenza noma ithuluzi.

Isixazululo:

1. Khetha Ithuluzi Elilungile Ijometri: Khetha ithuluzi lokusika eline-chip breaker efanele noma i-geometry yezinto ezibonakalayo nokusebenza.
2. Lungiselela Amapharamitha Wokusika: Lungisa izilinganiso zokuphakelayo, isivinini sokusika, nokujula kokusika ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka kwe-chip nokuphuma.
3. Sebenzisa Ukugcotshwa Okwanele: Ukusetshenziswa kahle koketshezi lokusika kungasiza ukugcoba futhi kube lula ukuphuma kwe-chip.
4. Hlola Ukuqondanisa Kwethuluzi Nokusebenza: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi liqondaniswe kahle ne-workpiece ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlobene ne-chip.

5. Ukuphuka kwethuluzi:

Inkinga: Ukuphuka kwamathuluzi kungenzeka ngenxa yamandla amakhulu, ukusethwa kwamathuluzi okungalungile, noma izinkinga ezihlobene nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Isixazululo:

1. Lungiselela Amapharamitha Wokusika: Yehlisa amandla okusika ngokulungisa amapharamitha afana namazinga okuphakela, isivinini sokusika, nokujula kokusika.
2. Hlola Ukusethwa Kwethuluzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi ligxunyekwe ngokuvikelekile kusibambi samathuluzi nokuthi liqondaniswe kahle.
3. Sebenzisa Ithuluzi Elibalulekile: Khetha ithuluzi elifanele lezinto ezithile ozenzayo. Isibonelo, amathuluzi e-carbide angcono ezintweni eziqinile.
4. Hlola i-Tool Wear: Njalo hlola ithuluzi ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuguga bese ulishintsha ngaphambi kokuthi liguge kakhulu futhi lijwayele ukuphuka.

Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga zokusethwa kwamathuluzi avamile kudinga inhlanganisela yokuqeqeshwa okufanele, ukunakekelwa okuvamile, nendlela ehlelekile yokuxazulula izinkinga. Ikhono lokuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene namathuluzi libalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela yemishini yekhwalithi ephezulu nephumelelayo.

Ekuphetheni

Inqubo yokumisa kanye nokwenza kahle amathuluzi okusika i-lathe okuguqula i-CNC iyisici esibalulekile somshini esithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokunemba kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ukuqonda okujulile kwezingxenye nemisebenzi yamathuluzi okusika, kanye nezici ezihilelekile ekukhethweni kwamathuluzi, kubalulekile kuma-machinists kanye nabaqhubi be-CNC.

Ukusetha kahle ithuluzi lokusika kuhilela indlela ehlelekile, kusukela ekulungiseni i-lathe nomsebenzi ukuya ekukhetheni isibambi sethuluzi esilungile, ukukhweza ithuluzi, ukulungisa ubude bethuluzi nokuqondanisa kwe-centerline, kanye nokumisa isinxephezelo serediyasi yethuluzi kanye nokususwa kwamathuluzi. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela yomshini enembayo nephumelelayo.

Ukuthuthukisa amapharamitha wokusika, okuhlanganisa isivinini nokuphakelayo, ukujula kokusikwa, uketshezi lokusika, nokuphathwa kwempilo yamathuluzi, kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokuguqula i-CNC. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela amapharamitha alungile, ochwepheshe bemishini bangathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, balondoloze ubude bokuphila kwamathuluzi, futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokuqeda phezulu.

Okokugcina, ukukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi avamile, njengokuxoxa kwamathuluzi, ukuqedwa kahle kwendawo, ukungalungi kobukhulu, izinkinga zokulawula i-chip, nokuphuka kwamathuluzi, kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe imiphumela engaguquki neyekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuhlonza lezi zinkinga nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokwenza imishini ihlala ishelela futhi isebenza kahle.

Sekukonke, ukuqonda okuphelele kwamathuluzi okusika i-lathe nokusetha kwawo, kuhlanganiswe nekhono lokuthuthukisa imingcele yokusika kanye nezinkinga zokuxazulula izinkinga, kunika amandla ochwepheshe bemishini ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokuguqula i-CNC. Ukufunda okuqhubekayo, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nesipiliyoni kuyisihluthulelo sokucwenga lawa makhono kanye nokuqinisekisa izinqubo eziyimpumelelo zokumaka.