izwe lami liyizwe elikhulu elikhiqizayo. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, inqubo yokumboza ihlanganisa izimboni eziningi, okuhlanganisa zonke izimboni ezihilelekile enqubweni yokumboza, njengokukhiqiza nokugcinwa kwezimoto, ifenisha, izinto zasendlini, ukucubungula umkhiqizo wensimbi, amapuleti ensimbi anombala, neziqukathi. , Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, okokusebenza kukagesi, imboni yamapayipi, njll.

Imboni yokumboza ingeyomkhakha wezinto ezintsha. Izembatho ezinobungani bemvelo zihlanganisa: izimbotshana ezisekelwe emanzini, izimbotshana eziyimpushana, izimbotshana zokuphulukisa ngemisebe kanye nezingubo eziqinile. Njengoba ukumbozwa kwemvelo kusesezigabeni zokuqala zocwaningo nentuthuko, ezinye izindaba ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe kusekude nokuxazululwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ze-solvent kubala i-50-60 yesamba esiphelele. Ukukhishwa kwezingubo zezimboni ezweni lami ngo-2009 kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.114, okuyi-solvent-based coatings efinyelela ku-60. Ukukhishwa kwama-coatings ngo-2010 (I-China Coatings Industry Yearbook, 2011) yayingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.7. Phakathi kwazo, i-solvent-based coatings ibalwa ku-52.1. Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-3.5 zama-VOC (kuhlanganise nencane esetshenziswa ekunambeni) ashintshashintsha emkhathini ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa okokunamathela (i-xylene kuphela enamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamathani), futhi ukungcola kumosha kakhulu. ezinzima. Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, isilinganiso sokukhula siyizigidi eziyi-15. Ngo-2012, okukhiphayo kwafinyelela amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 (ivolumu yokungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa inganakwa), lapho ukumbozwa kwezimboni kulinganiselwa ku-70, okungukuthi, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-8.4. Ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs cishe kumathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6 noma ngaphezulu. Isiphenduke umthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokukhishwa kwe-VOC yezimboni zaseShayina futhi inomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-VOC ezimbonini zezwe lami.

Ukukhiqizwa kanye nenqubo yokufaka isicelo kuzodala izingozi zemvelo: njengokukhishwa kwe-VOC, i-formaldehyde nezinsalela zensimbi esindayo, kanye nokuqina kwe-TDI kwamahhala. izwe lami lenze uchungechunge lwezindinganiso kazwelonke zokumboza okuyimpoqo. Ngo-2009 kuphela, izindinganiso ezinhlanu zokuhlanganisa eziyimpoqo ezimelwe "I-GB24408-2009 Imikhawulo Yezinto Eziyingozi Ekwakhiweni Kwangaphandle Kwezindonga Zodonga" zabuyekezwa. Ngaso leso sikhathi, imithetho eqinile yokuvikela imvelo yangaphandle (njengama-HAP, ama-VOC, i-REACH, i-RoHS, njll.) ibeke imingcele ephezulu yokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kapende yasekhaya, izinto ezingavuthiwe, kanye nemikhiqizo yokugcina engezansi efana nemishini yasendlini, amathoyizi, kanye nefenisha (Izithiyo eziluhlaza kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphansi kwesimo sokugadwa okuqinile, kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile wentuthuko ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa kanye nokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthukisa izigqoko ezihambisana nemvelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-solvent coating evamile badinga ukuqinisa ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha be-VOCs.

1. Isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bokugqoka kanye nemishini

ubuchwepheshe bokumboza nemishini yezwe lami kukhula ngokushesha. Kunegebe elikhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukongiwa kwamandla, ukuncishiswa kokungcola, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ukukhishwa kwe-VOC kwemigqa eminingi yokumboza akuhlangabezani nendinganiso, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kwempahla yokumboza endaweni ngayinye yokumboza kuphezulu, futhi ayikho inqubomgomo eyisibopho ehambisanayo. Isibonelo, nakuba izwe lami liyizwe elikhulu ekukhiqizeni izimoto, akulona izwe elinamandla, futhi umdwebo wezimoto ufana.

1) Ubuciko bemoto obujwayelekile (ubuciko obuphelele)

Umzimba-omhlophe ungena ku-pre-treatment electrophoresis electrophoresis drying (lysate emission) electrophoresis polishing (dust particle emission) weld sealing (VOCs emission) PVC undercarriage spraying (VOCs emission) intermediate coating spraying (VOCs emission) medium coating emissioning (VOCs) ) Ukomiswa koqweqwe olumaphakathi (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) Ukubika kokuhlanganisa okuphakathi kokuphothula ukufutha ngopende (okuhlanganisa ukuvanisha) (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) upende wokuqeda (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) ukomisa upende wokuqeda (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) ukulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlola (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) ukuqeda Iwaranti yesigxobo sokufafaza i-wax (ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs) umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi

2) Inqubo evamile yezingxenye zezimoto (inqubo ephelele)

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili (i-electrophoresis electrophoresis drying) noma (i-dehydration drying) ijazi eliphakathi lifafaza ijazi eliphakathi elilinganisa ijazi elimaphakathi ukomisa ijazi elingaphezulu ukufutha ijazi eliphezulu ukugeleza kopende oyisicaba

3) Ubuciko beziqukathi ezijwayelekile (ubuciko obuphelele)

I-sandblasting, i-zinc blasting, i-middle coating, isifutho, i-middle coating, i-leveling, i-middle coating, ukomisa, ijazi eliphezulu, ukufutha, ijazi eliphezulu, ukugeleza, ukomisa upende oyisicaba.

4) Inqubo evamile yezinto zikagesi zasendlini (inqubo ephelele)

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili (i-electrophoresis electrophoresis drying) noma (i-dehydration drying) ijazi eliphakathi lifafaza ijazi eliphakathi elilinganisa ijazi eliphakathi nendawo ukomisa ijazi eliphezulu fafaza ijazi eliphezulu ukugeleza upende oyisicaba ukomisa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukomisa ukomisa impushana ukufutha ukomisa impushana (akukho kukhishwa kwama-VOC)

I-5) Imishini evamile ye-spray booth

Amadokodo okufutha amakhulu kune-95 ayaphoqeleka ukuthi anikeze futhi akhiphe umoya omusha, futhi ama-VOC akhishwa ngokuqondile endaweni ephakeme ngokugxila okuphansi kanye nomthamo omkhulu womoya. Uma ama-VOC ecutshungulwa, idivayisi yokugxilisa ingqondo ye-VOC kufanele yengezwe. Idokodo lokufutha lithatha uhlobo oluyisiyingi lokunikezwa komoya okuphoqelekile kanye ne-exhaust, futhi ukugxiliswa kwe-VOCs kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, okungase kukhishwe ngemva kokwelashwa. Leli fomu lilungele kuphela izifutho ezizenzakalelayo, hhayi izifutho ezenziwe ngezandla.

6) Imishini yegumbi lokulinganisa evamile

Ukuhlushwa kwama-VOC kuphakeme futhi kungakhishwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, yimishini engu-5-10 kuphela e-China efakwe imishini yokwelapha ye-VOCs, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuvamile akwaziwa.

I-7) Imishini yokumisa upende evamile

Ukuhlushwa kwama-VOC kuphakeme futhi kungakhishwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, yimishini engu-5-10 kuphela e-China efakwe imishini yokwelapha ye-VOCs, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuvamile akwaziwa.

8) Idivayisi yokwelapha ejwayelekile ye-VOC

Imishini yokwelapha ejwayelekile yasekhaya ye-VOC isetshenziswa yi-carbon adsorption, i-catalytic combustion, ukushisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa (RTO, TNV), ukushiswa kwezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi (ukunwetshwa kwedivayisi yokushisisa yegumbi okomisa, njengeyunithi ye-quaternary), kanye nokwelashwa kwama-VOCs akhazimulayo (CIR). I-carbon adsorption ecushiwe kanye nokushiswa kwe-catalytic kunokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, izindleko eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa, nomthelela omubi wokwelapha. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa emigqeni emincane yokukhiqiza futhi zinemishini ephansi yokusebenzisa. I-High-temperature incineration (RTO, TNV) inotshalomali oluphezulu lokuqala, izindleko zokusetshenziswa eziphansi, nomthelela wokwelapha ophezulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emigqeni yokukhiqiza ephakathi nendawo enkulu, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini liphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukushisa kwemfucuza kwe-TNV kusetshenziswa ekamelweni lokumisa, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini liphezulu kakhulu.

2. Izinkinga ezikhona

1) Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe okungalingani, okokuvikela imvelo, izinqubo ezintsha, nezinto zokusebenza ezintsha zidinga ukuthuthukiswa.

Nakuba izwe lami selibe yizwe elikhulukazi elikhiqiza upende kanye nezwe elithengayo, alikabi izwe eliqinile kwezobuchwephesha bepende nobunjiniyela bemidwebo. Izinga lobuchwepheshe lezinhlobonhlobo zepende ezikhiqizwa izinkampani ezifuywayo azilingani, futhi izinga lobuchwepheshe lobunjiniyela bemidwebo yasekhaya alilingani, futhi kusekhona ukuqhathanisa. Igebe elikhulu. Ikakhulukazi, izimbotshana zokuvikela imvelo, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nemishini emisha emikhakheni eyahlukene kudingeka kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-China ayinazo izinqubomgomo eziphoqelekile zokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kumaphrojekthi wokumboza, izinkampani azinawo umdlandla wokuguqula imigqa ekhona yokukhiqiza enamathelayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezintsha zokonga ugesi nezivumelana nemvelo, izinqubo ezintsha, kanye nemishini emisha ayikwazi. ukukhushulwa esikhundleni.

2) Amabhizinisi amaningi, izikali ezincane, ubuchwepheshe obubuthakathaka bokuvikela imvelo, kanye nokuqwashisa okungalungile kwemvelo

Ngokwezibalo, njengamanje kunezinkampani ezikhiqiza upende ezibalelwa ku-8,000 ezweni lami, iningi lazo okungamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Ukwakhiwa okungafuneki okusezingeni eliphansi kubi kakhulu, amandla okukhiqiza ayinsalela, izinsiza zabantu zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, futhi kunokumoshwa okuningi. Ngezembatho ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuvikela imvelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yokuvikela imvelo kuncane kakhulu, ezinye izinkampani zihlome ngemishini yokuvikela imvelo kodwa azivamile ukuyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisa ubungcweti bebhizinisi, ukuqondiswa kwezici, ukwandisa izinga lebhizinisi, ukugxilisa izinsiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ama-coatings ahambisana nemvelo, kanye nemishini yokuvikela imvelo engabizi kuyizihloko ezibalulekile zokuzuza intuthuko esimeme.

3) Isimo esibuswa amapende angewona awemvelo sidinga ukuthuthukiswa

Emkhiqizweni kapende wezwe lami, ama-50-60 angamapende asekelwe ku-solvent. Kungabangela cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-3.5 wezinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo (VOCs) ukuthi zikhishelwe emkhathini minyaka yonke, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nemfucuza kubi kakhulu. Ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa i-solvent-based coatings, cishe ama-VOC angama-95 endaweni yokufutha akhishwa ngokuqondile endaweni ephakeme ngokugxila okuphansi kanye nomthamo omkhulu womoya, ama-VOC angama-90 egumbini lokomisa negumbi lokulinganisa akhishwa ngokuqondile endaweni ephakeme ngokugxila okuphezulu nomoya omncane. umthamo, kanti ezinye zihlonyiswe ngamathuluzi okwelapha e-VOC. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bemishini yokwelapha ye-VOC abulingani, futhi ngenxa yokuthi alukho uhlelo lokugada lwesikhathi eside, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwelapha ze-VOC aliphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuvamile.

4) Uhlelo olukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni yokumboza kanye nemishini yokuvikela imvelo ngokusekelwe kumazinga nemithethonqubo ayikasungulwa.

Njengamanje, uhlelo lwezwe lami olujwayelekile lokuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, uhlelo lokukhipha umoya we-VOC kanye namazinga abalulekile abalulekile asungulwe ekuqaleni futhi adinga ukuthuthukiswa. Ukuhlehla kwezindinganiso kuye kwanciphisa inqubo yemboni yokumboza yezwe lami kanye nemishini yokuvikela imvelo ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kuye kwaba nomthelela embonini yokumboza yezwe lami kanye nempahla yokuvikela imvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.

2. Izici zokumboza (ukufafaza) inqubo yokukhipha igesi:

(1) Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nenani elikhulu lezinhlayiya zenkungu kapende ezifafazwe ngokweqile;

(2) Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokumbozwa, izinyibilikisi ezihlukene ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezingxenye ze-organic eziyinkimbinkimbi (izincibilikisi eziphilayo ezigcotshwe zihlanganisa: i-benzene, i-ethers, i-lipids, ama-ketones, utshwala, ama-alcohol ether, ama-hydrocarbon, njll.) Ezinye izithasiselo zamangqamuzana aphansi zingase zibe ibuyiselwe emkhathini, kanti enye i-benzene, utshwala ne-lipids kungokwezinto ezikhiqiza kabili eziphezulu neziphakeme);

(3) Phakathi nenqubo yokufafaza, ukulethwa komoya okuphoqelekile kanye nokusebenza kwe-exhaust kuyimpoqo, ngomthamo omkhulu womoya wokukhipha umoya kanye nokugxila kwento ephilayo ephansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yokugcoba kunzima, izindleko zokwelashwa ziphakeme, futhi umphumela wokwelapha umpofu, okuyinkinga enzima ekwelapheni ukukhishwa kwezimboni ze-VOCs ezweni lami. Kwezinye zezimboni ezibalulekile ezibandakanyeka ekudwebeni ubuchwepheshe ezweni lami, njengokukhiqiza nokunakekela izimoto, ifenisha, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini nemishini, imboni yamapayipi, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, iziqukathi, njll., ukwelashwa kokufafaza igesi ephumayo sekuvele yaqala eminyakeni yamuva. Ingxenye encane yegesi yokukhipha igesi ilashiwe, futhi imishini yokwelapha ekhona inokusebenza kahle okuphansi, izimo zokusebenza ezimbi kanye nemiphumela emibi yokunciphisa ukukhishwa. Njengoba izwe lethu liyizwe elikhulu elikhiqizayo, ezimbonini ezithwala ukungcola okunamandla ezinokukhishwa okuphezulu kwama-VOC, njengokukhiqiza ifenisha, amabhokisi, ukwakha imikhumbi, izimoto, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, njll., zonke zinesabelo esikhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo sokuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwezimboni zezwe lami emithonjeni engaguquki ye-VOC, ukuphathwa kwegesi engcolile yikona okuhamba phambili.

uhlelo lwentuthuko

Ngokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kanye noguquko lwemodi yentuthuko njengomugqa oyinhloko, qalisa isu lokulungisa, ukuguqulwa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifanele, kugxilwe ekulungiseni uhlaka lobuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano yenhlangano, ukuqinisa ukusungula izinto ezimele futhi kwakhiwe ukuzimela. ubuchwepheshe, amazinga kanye nemikhiqizo, futhi andise Hlakulela futhi uthuthukise izinhlobo ezintsha zokumboza ezivikela imvelo, ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nemishini emisha, futhi usheshise ukuguqulwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza enamathelayo ekhona empofu ngokonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

1) Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yokumboza ehambisana nemvelo

I-solvent coating: Enqubweni yokumboza yemikhiqizo yezimoto, izindleko zokumboza zingaphansi kwama-20% wezindleko zokumboza zonke, kanti ama-80 asele yizindleko ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokumboza. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo kwe-organic compound (VOC) ekuhlanganiseni, kufinyeze inqubo yokumboza, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa komugqa wokuhlanganisa, ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa ngokunengqondo, nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphasa lokuqala lomkhiqizo, elinganciphisa izindleko zawo wonke. imoto futhi yonge amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Izembatho zokuvikela imvelo: zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana namanzi, obungancibiliki (izimbotshana eziyimpushana, izindwangu ezilashwe ngemisebe) kanye nokwehlukanisa okuqinile.

2) Thuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nemishini emisha

Isibonelo, kuwo wonke umdwebo wemoto, inqubo ephakathi nendawo engenawo ukugqoka kwayo yonke imidwebo yemoto iyakhuthazwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yokugaya ephakathi iyasuswa, umugqa wokukhiqiza umdwebo wenziwa lula, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuyancipha, futhi ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kuncishisiwe. Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokufafaza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuncishiswe isifutho sikapende (ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kopende), ukusebenzisa umoya ojikelezayo kanye nemishini yokukhipha umoya futhi ulungiselele amadivaysi okucubungula ama-VOC. Ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu nokonga amandla okucutshungulwa kwama-VOC ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokusebenza.

3) Sheshisa ukuguqulwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ekhona 

 Imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza enamathelayo ekhona eShayina impofu kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, izinto zokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe, futhi ayinazo izinto zokwelashwa zama-VOC, okuholela ekungcoleni okuningi kwemvelo. Izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifanele ziqondiswe kulokhu. Ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza yinto ehamba phambili yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs.

4) Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezifanele, zibe nemithethonqubo ecacile mayelana nokwelashwa nokukhishwa kwama-VOC, futhi kusungulwe uhlelo lokuqapha lwesikhathi eside lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokwelapha ye-VOC.

Xhumanisa nale ndatshana: Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sezinto zokusebenza zenqubo yokumboza kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa zesikhathi esizayo

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