Kusukela kwaba nezinguquko nokuvuleka, imboni yezwe lami yokukhiqiza imishini kanye nemishini ibe yimbangela eqinile yokuthuthukisa umnotho wezwe. Kulesi sigaba, lisekhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kwemboni yezokukhiqiza yezwe lami nezinga eliphezulu lomhlaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elithuthukile lamazwe anezimboni, isimo sezimboni ngokusobala asinele. Ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni kanye nezinzuzo ziphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye yenani lokukhiphayo kuhlala kuphezulu. Kunegebe elikhulu ezingeni namandla okusungula abuthaka.

Isikhathi eside, amabhawodi ezwe lami anamandla amakhulu anezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu: impilo emfushane, ukwethembeka okungekuhle kanye nesakhiwo esindayo. Izinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu zikhawulela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesevisi ephephile yemishini ephezulu kanye nemishini. Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu anquma imisebenzi eyinhloko yokuxhuma imishini yemishini ephezulu, ebonisa impilo, ukwethembeka kanye nokufinyeleleka kwezomnotho kwemishini. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuwumgogodla wamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu.

Mayelana nokuvela okwandayo kwe-"Industry 4.0" kanye "Ne-Third Industrial Revolution", kufanele sicabangele ikusasa le fasteners kanye nendima ye fasteners enguqukweni yesithathu yezimboni. Iminyaka eyi-10 ezayo izoba yisikhathi esibucayi ezweni lami fastener imboni ukuze iguqule futhi ithuthuke, isuka "ezweni elikhiqizayo" iye "emandleni okukhiqiza". Isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwezabasebenzi embonini yezokukhiqiza yezwe lami siyaphela. Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka akwamukele ukwenziwa kwe fastener ukudluliswa, okuletha izinselele ezintsha ku fastener imboni ezweni lami. Imboni esheshayo isiphenduke into eseqhulwini ukuze kusheshiswe uguquko lwendlela yokuthuthukisa umnotho.

Imodi yokwehluleka eyinhloko yamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu ukukhathala

Ukukhathala kuyindlela yokwehluleka lapho ibhawudi elilodwa noma amaningana liqhekeka noma liphuka ngaphansi kwesenzo esiphindaphindiwe se-cyclic stress kanye nokucindezeleka. Ukukhathala kuyinqubo yokunqwabelana kokulimala kwemishini kanye nokwehluleka ukubambezeleka. Ukukhathala kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezimbili zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka kanye nokusabalalisa imifantu. Kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamandla esivuno sezinto ezibonakalayo futhi yehluleka ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwehluleka, ukukhathala kungenye yezindlela zokuhluleka eziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, amabhawodi axhumayo emotweni ayahluleka ngenxa yokukhathala kokudonsa. Isibonelo, indawo yesevisi yamajeneretha enjini yomoya iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inokhahlo, imelana kokubili umthelela womthwalo oguquguqukayo kanye nendawo eyonakalisayo. Ukuphuka kokukhathala kwamabhawudi axhumayo asetshenziswayo kuphezulu ngendlela engama-85%. Imodi yokwehluleka eyinhloko yamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu ukukhathala.

"Izinkinga ezintathu" zamabhawodi aphezulu zisuka ekuzweleni kokugxilisa ingqondo

Amabhawodi aqinile ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi ene-alloy low-high-high, i-ultra-high-strength steel kanye nama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ephezulu kanye nemishini, amandla ama-alloys ama-bolts aphezulu azoqhubeka nokukhula. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinamandla okukhathala okuphezulu, isisindo esincane, usayizi omncane, impilo ende, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Kodwa ubuthakathaka obuvelele bezinto eziphezulu zamandla ukuthi amandla okukhathala azwela ekugxilweni kwengcindezi.
Inani elikhulu lemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kokukhathala kwamabholidi anamandla amakhulu libonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-80% yokwehluleka kokukhathala kubangelwa ukulimala kwendawo, ukukhishwa kwe-carburization endaweni ehlangene phakathi kwekhanda nenduku, ukuqhekeka okuncane okusobala ekucubungulweni kwentambo, noma ukuyeka ithuluzi lokusika. amamaki nokugqwala komhlaba, ukucisha Inhlangano ayifani ngenxa yokuxineka okukhulu lapho.

Amathuba kanye Nezinselelo Zokukhiqiza Ibholidi Amandla Aphakeme

Imishini esezingeni eliphezulu iletha amathuba okuthuthuka angakaze abonwe ekwakhiweni kwamabhawodi anamandla. Uma "izingqinamba ezintathu ezinkulu" zingaxazululwa, kuzoba nzima ukufeza izinhloso ezilindelekile, ingasaphathwa eyokufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze kuxazululwe "izinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu", amazinga amathathu ezinkinga adinga ukuxazululwa: eyodwa izimele amalungelo empahla yengqondo; enye ukukwazi ukuzikhokhela ngokwezomnotho; futhi okwesithathu ubuchwepheshe bempilo ende, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nokunciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo.
Okokuqala nje, kufanele siguqule imiqondo yethu futhi sibone isikhathi nendawo. Izwe lethu kufanele lithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, lisebenzise ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile futhi lithuthukise ukuncintisana okubalulekile, liyeke lokho kushintshashintsha kwezinkulumo ezinhle, futhi lizimisele ukuba umsunguli wobuchwepheshe bamazwe athuthukile, imakethe yobuchwepheshe namanye amaphutha. Umqondo ukhululiwe kusukela esikhathini esidlule "isingeniso, ukulingisa-emuva, ukwethulwa kabusha, ukulingisa ...", ukunamathisela, ukukopisha, imikhiqizo ye-copycat, nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa kwama-fasteners kuyaphuthuma.

Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele nokuxazulula "izinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu" ukuze ubone ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, kanye nokwehliswa kwesisindo sesakhiwo samabhawodi anamandla kuwuguquko: ①Uguquko lwezobuchwepheshe olusuka "ekwakheni" amabhawodi anamandla amakhulu. ukukhiqiza ukumelana nokukhathala; ②Kusuka Ekuxazululeni inkinga “yokuba noma ngaphandle” kokushintshela kukhiye wamandla aphezulu ukuze kusekelwe uguquko lomqondo wokuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kokukhiqizwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu; ③kusukela ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwezinkomba kuya ekuguqukeni kokuphathwa kokulawulwa kwenqubo; ④kusuka kubuchwepheshe obuphansi, abangenzi lutho ukuya kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, odokotela abakhuthele Inguquko yekhwalithi; ⑤ Kusukela emisebenzini eshibhile, ukuhlukumeza indawo ezungezile kanye nezinsiza kuya kwenani eliphakeme, elobuntu, elikhipha umoya omncane, inguquko yemvelo eluhlaza, njll.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kunikeza ukusebenza kokugcina kwezinto zokubopha

Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kube isu lezwe lethu lezwe. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezinguquko ezinkulu emvelweni wamazwe ngamazwe, isidingo, ukuphuthuma nokubaluleka kokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa kwama-fasteners kuye kwalethwa kithi ngokugqamile ngokusekelwe esimweni esikhona kanye nezinkinga ezikhona zokwelashwa kokushisa ezweni lami.

"Ukwelashwa kokushisa" ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izindlela zokushisisa nokupholisa ukulawula izinguquko zesigaba, ama-microstructures, nezinkambu zengcindezi esele, nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinokusebenza kokugcina nokusebenza kokugcina kwesevisi yamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu. Akuyona nje isayensi yetiyetha kakhulu, kodwa futhi uhlobo lobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo kakhulu. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukusho ukuthi inqubo yokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe yokushisa ishintsha njalo ngezinto kanye nama-bolts anamandla amakhulu, kanye nokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo. Kungabonakala ukuthi akukho lutho olungashiya ukwelashwa kokushisa, futhi akukho bholidi yamandla aphezulu ayincikile ekwelapheni ukushisa. Kudingeka kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kungenye yezobuchwepheshe ezimbili kuphela ezinikeza ukusebenza kokugcina kwezinto kanye nokusebenza kokugcina kwesevisi yamabholiti anamandla aphezulu.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuhlukile kubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-billet kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusika. Izikhala zezihloko ezibandayo, UKWAKHA izikhala, izikhala zokuphonswa kanye nezikhala zokushisela zingakhiqiza izikhala ezinomumo othile nosayizi omkhulu, okubonakala kakhulu. Inqubo yokusika ingakhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zamabhawodi anembayo futhi amahle anembe kakhulu, adonsa amehlo ngokwedlulele. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa "buyisayensi yangaphakathi" yokukhiqiza izinsimbi. Okunikeza amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu ukusebenza, okungabonakali noma amazolo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nakuba ukwelashwa kokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu izikhathi eziningi kunobunye ubuchwepheshe ochungechungeni lwezomnotho noluthengekayo lwamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu, akuthathwa ngokungathi sína. Nakuba ukwelashwa kokushisa kunikeza impahla ukusebenza kokugcina kanye nebhawodi lamandla aphezulu ngokusebenza kwesevisi kokugcina, ibukelwa eceleni futhi inamathiselwe. Ngaphansi kokunyathelwa okusemthethweni kanye nempumelelo esheshayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bezinto zokwakha, amabhawodi aqine kakhulu, kanye nemishini yemishini ephezulu, kukhishiwe kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bohlelo lukazwelonke lokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, futhi alukatholwa. ukwesekwa kocwaningo olubalulekile; kanye nemfundo yobungcweti seyehlile, Ukulahlekelwa kanye nokushoda kochwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva kanye nemuva, kanye nokwanda nokwanda kwegebe ngezinga elithuthukile lakwamanye amazwe. Akuyona ihaba ukusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kuncishisiwe futhi kunamathiselwe, okuyisizathu esibalulekile "sezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu" zemishini yezwe yami ephezulu kanye namabhawodi anamandla amakhulu. Kuyisizathu esibalulekile futhi sokugxilisa izwe lami ekukhiqizeni okusezingeni eliphansi kanye nobuthakathaka bokuncintisana.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa bukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwama-bolts aphezulu

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe buwukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa buyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhiqiza futhi budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu kanye nemishini ephezulu yokugcina. Njengoba sonke sazi, ayibi into engenazo "izingxenye", futhi ayibi into ngaphandle "kokwelapha ukushisa". Kodwa-ke, amasiko endabuko avame ukuqaphela ukubaluleka "kwezingxenye", kodwa abaqapheli indima ebalulekile kanye nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuhlobene ngokuqondile namandla wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphandle kokusha kokwelashwa kokushisa, awekho amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo. ubuchwepheshe bezwe lami bokwelapha ukushisa obusemuva bukhawulele ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla wezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa obokuqala. Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, ukuntula ukunaka ekwelapheni ukushisa kanye nokuntuleka kwezinto ezintsha kuvimbela ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphambili. Ngaphandle kokusha kokwelashwa kokushisa, ngeke kube khona izinto ezithuthukisiwe.

Lapho sibhekene ne-"Industry 4.0" kanye ne-"The Third Industrial Revolution", ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kwebholithi enamandla amakhulu, ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, obuluhlaza, obungasindi, kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa konke kudlala indima ebalulekile. Eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, izibophezelo zezwe lami Ekuthuthukisweni, izinqubo ezidlala indima ebalulekile neyimpumelelo ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni esheshayo kufanele zikhethwe njengokugxilwa kuzo ukusheshisa intuthuko. Ukugcizelela emisha edidiyelwe kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa amakhono ayisisekelo ezinkampani ezisheshayo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa kuzoba okomuntu siqu.

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