Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje bezimboni, izidingo zabantu zokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye eziwumshini ziya ngokuya zikhuphuka, futhi indawo esetshenziswa kakhulu ibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokukhathala nezinye izakhiwo zensimbi. . 

Kwezinye izinsimbi ezithile noma izinto zengxubevange, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-R&D kwesigaba sasekuqaleni noma ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba yesigaba sakamuva futhi kusetshenziswe, ukucwaninga noma ukuthola izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zengxubevange yensimbi kudinga ukusekelwa kwemishini yokuncibilikisa insimbi, okokusebenza kokushisa okungaphezulu, njll. Phakathi izindlela eziningi zokufudumeza ezikhethekile noma zokuncibilikisa, ubuchwepheshe bokushisa okufakwayo busetshenziselwa ukuncibilika nokulungisa izinto zensimbi noma ukushisisa nokushisa izinto zokuphatha ngenqubo ethile, eye yadlala indima ebalulekile.

Lesi sihloko sethula inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa kokungeniswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo sezinhlobo ezahlukene zesithando somlilo sokungeniswa kwe-vacuum, qhathanisa izinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi. Sibheke phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kweziko lokungeniswa kwe-vacuum, kuchaza indlela yokuthuthuka kwayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekelaphambili yamaziko okufakwa kwe-vacuum kubonakala kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kancane kancane kwesakhiwo sisonke semishini, umkhuba obonakala usobala wokumodularization kanye nohlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphe kakhulu.

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction

1.1 Isimiso

__kindeditor_temp_url__Ubuchwepheshe bokushisa lokungeniswa ngokuvamile bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa isimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukuze kutholwe induction yamanje yezinto ezizwela kangcono kazibuthe ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokushisisa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum. Amandla kagesi adlula kukhoyili kagesi ezungeza into yensimbi ngemvamisa ethile. Amandla kagesi ashintshayo akhiqiza insimu yakazibuthe, ebangela amandla akhona ensimbi futhi akhiqize ukushisa okukhulu ukuze kushise impahla. Uma ukushisa kuphansi, kungasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukushisa kwe-vacuum induction nezinye izinqubo. Lapho ukushisa kuphezulu, ukushisa okukhiqizwa kwanele ukuncibilikisa insimbi futhi kusetshenziselwe ukulungisa izinto zensimbi noma i-alloy.

1.2, isicelo

1.2.1, ukuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction

Ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction njengamanje yibona obusebenza kahle kakhulu, bushesha kakhulu, busebenzisa kancane, bonga amandla kanye nobuchwephesha bokushisisa bokungena endaweni obunobungani bemvelo bokushisisa izinto zensimbi. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ezithandweni zokuncibilikisa zokungeniswa nezinye izinto zokusebenza futhi bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqinile zensimbi zifakwa ku-crucible esongwe ikhoyili. Lapho i-current igeleza kukhoyili yokungeniswa, amandla e-electromotive akhangisiwe ayakhiqizwa futhi i-eddy current ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweshaje yensimbi. Lapho ukushisa kwamanje kukukhulu kunezinga lokukhishwa kokushisa kweshaja yensimbi, ukushisa kunqwabelana kakhulu Uma ufinyelela izinga elithile, insimbi iyancibilika isuka esimweni esiqinile iye esimweni esiwuketshezi ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuncibilikisa izinsimbi. Kule nqubo, njengoba yonke inqubo yenzeka endaweni ye-vacuum, kunenzuzo ukususa ukungcola kwegesi ngaphakathi kwensimbi, futhi izinto ezitholakalayo ze-alloy metal zihlanzekile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika, ngokulawulwa kwemvelo ye-vacuum kanye nokushisa kwe-induction, izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika lingashintshwa futhi insimbi ye-alloy ingafakwa ngesikhathi ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokucwenga. Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika, ngenxa yezici zobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kokungeniswa, uketshezi lwensimbi olungaphakathi kwe-crucible lungashukunyiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwamandla kagesi ukuze wenze ukubunjwa kufane kakhulu. Lokhu futhi kuyinzuzo enkulu yobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kokungeniswa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuncibilikisa okujwayelekile, ukuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction kunezinzuzo ezinhle ngenxa yokonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, indawo enhle yokusebenza yabasebenzi, kanye nokungabi namandla kwabasebenzi. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwe-induction, into yokugcina ye-alloy ingcolile kancane futhi ingxenye ye-alloy eyengeziwe ifaneleka kakhulu, engahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zenqubo yezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction buye basetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, kusukela ezithandweni zokufakelwa ezingamakhilogremu amaningana ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo lokuhlola ukuya kumaziko amakhulu amakhulu anamandla angamashumi amathani okukhiqizwa kwangempela. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obulula bokusebenza, inqubo yokuncibilika kulula ukuyilawula futhi izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika liyashesha. , Insimbi encibilikisiwe inezinzuzo zokubunjwa okufanayo, futhi inamathuba amahle okusebenza, futhi ithuthukiswe ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva.

1.2.2, i-vacuum induction sintering

I-vacuum sintering ibhekisela ekucwilisweni kwensimbi, ingxubevange noma impushana eyingxube yensimbi ibe yimikhiqizo yensimbi nezikhala zensimbi ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwendawo encibilika endaweni enezinga lomumo elingu-(10-10-3Pa). I-Sintering ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum, akukho ukusabela phakathi kwensimbi negesi, futhi akukho thonya legesi ye-adsorbed. Akukhona nje ukuthi umphumela wokuminyana muhle, kodwa futhi ungadlala indima yokuhlanzwa nokunciphisa, unciphise izinga lokushisa le-sintering, kanye nenani le-sintering ekamelweni lokushisa lingancishiswa ngo-100℃℃～150℃, Londoloza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, uthuthukise izinga lokushisa. impilo yesithando somlilo futhi uthole imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Kwezinye izinto zokwakha, kuyadingeka ukubona ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngokudluliswa kwama-athomu ngokufudumeza, futhi ubuchwepheshe be-induction sintering budlala indima yokushisa kule nqubo. Inzuzo ye-vacuum induction sintering ukuthi isiza ekwehliseni izinto eziyingozi (umhwamuko wamanzi, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen nokunye ukungcola) emkhathini ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum, futhi igweme uchungechunge lokusabela okufana ne-decarburization, nitriding, carburizing, ukunciphisa, kanye ne-oxidation. . Phakathi nenqubo, inani legesi kuma-pores liyancipha, futhi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwama-molecule egesi kuyancipha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo iyasuswa ngaphambi kokuba izinto zivele esigabeni se-liquid, ukuze impahla iboshwe kakhulu lapho impahla incibilika futhi ihlanganiswe, futhi ukumelana kwayo kokugqoka kuyathuthukiswa. amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vacuum induction sintering nayo inomthelela othize ekwehliseni izindleko zomkhiqizo.

Ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwegesi kuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa endaweni ye-vacuum, ukuqhutshwa nokuqhutshwa kokushisa kunganakwa. Ukushisa kudluliselwa ikakhulukazi kusuka engxenyeni yokushisa kuya ebusweni bezinto ngendlela yemisebe. Ukukhethwa kusekelwe ekushiseni okuqondile kwe-sintering kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zento. Izingxenye zokushisa ezifanele nazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kokumelana ne-vacuum, i-induction sintering isebenzisa ukufudumeza kwamandla okuvama okumaphakathi, okugwema inkinga yokufakwa kwezinga lokushisa okuphezulu kwezithando zokushisa ezisebenzisa ukushisisa ukumelana nezinga elithile.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-induction sintering busetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yensimbi ne-metallurgy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezintweni ezikhethekile zobumba, i-induction sintering ithuthukisa ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya eziqinile, isiza izinhlamvu zekristalu zikhule, ziminyanise ama-voids, bese kwenyusa ukuminyana ukuze kwakhe imizimba eminyene ye-polycrystalline sintered. Ubuchwepheshe be-induction sintering nabo busetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwezinto ezintsha.

1.2.3, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-vacuum induction

Njengamanje, kufanele kube nobuchwepheshe obuningi bokwelashwa kokushisa okugxilwe kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokwenza ukuqina kwe-induction. Faka ucezu lokusebenza ku-inductor (ikhoyili), lapho ijika elishintshashintshayo lemvamisa ethile lidlula ku-inductor, kuzokwenziwa indawo kazibuthe eshintshanayo eyizungezile. I-electromagnetic induction yensimu kazibuthe eshintshanayo ikhiqiza i-eddy current evaliwe endaweni yokusebenza. Ngenxa yomphumela wesikhumba, okungukuthi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje owenziwe esigabeni esiphambanayo se-workpiece akulingani kakhulu, ukuminyana kwamanje ebusweni be-workpiece kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kancane kancane kuncipha ngaphakathi.

Amandla kagesi we-high-density current ebusweni be-workpiece aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa, okwandisa izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu, okungukuthi, libona ukushisa kwendawo. Ukuphakama kwefrikhwensi yamanje, mkhulu umehluko wamanje wokuminyana phakathi kobuso nengaphakathi le-workpiece, futhi uba mncane ungqimba lokushisa. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lesendlalelo sokushisa lidlule izinga lokushisa elibalulekile lensimbi, lipholiswa ngokushesha ukuze kuzuzwe ukucinywa kwendawo. Kungaziwa kusukela kumgomo wokushisisa kokungeniswa ukuthi ukujula kokungena kwamanje kungashintshwa ngokufanele ngokulungisa imvamisa yamanje ngekhoyili yokungeniswa. Ukujula okulungiswayo nakho kuyinzuzo enkulu yokwelashwa kokushisa kokungeniswa. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ukuqina kwe-induction abufanele ama-workpieces emishini ayinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokungaguquki kahle kwawo. Nakuba ungqimba olungaphezulu lomsebenzi ocinyiwe lunokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi okucindezelayo, ukumelana nokuphuka kokukhathala kuphezulu. Kodwa kufanelekile kuphela ukukhiqizwa komugqa womhlangano wama-workpieces alula.

Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqina bokungeniswa kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekucimeni okungaphezulu kwe-crankumphinis kanye camumphinis embonini yezimoto. Nakuba lezi zingxenye zinesakhiwo esilula, kodwa indawo yokusebenza inokhahlo, zinezinga elithile lokumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugoba, nokumelana nokusebenza kwezingxenye. Izidingo zokukhathala, ngokwenziwa lukhuni kokungeniswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa kwazo kanye nokumelana nokukhathala nakho kuyindlela enengqondo kakhulu yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku- ukwelashwa surface kwezinye izingxenye embonini yezimoto.

2. Imishini yokuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction

Imishini yokuncibilikisa yokungenisa ivacuum isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kokungeniswa ukuze kufezeke isimiso ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela ngokumatanisa ukwakheka komshini. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukusebenzisa umgomo wokungeniswa kuka-electromagnetic ukufaka ikhoyili yokungeniswa kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo endaweni evaliwe, futhi ikhiphe igesi esitsheni ngohlelo lokumpompa i-vacuum, bese isebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze kudlule imanje ikhoyili yokungeniswa ukuze khiqiza amandla e-electromotive akhangwe futhi ibe ngaphakathi kwempahla I-vortex yakheka, futhi lapho isizukulwane sokushisa sifinyelela izinga elithile, impahla iqala ukuncibilika. Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika, uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efana nokulawula amandla, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ukulinganisa kwe-vacuum, nokudla okungeziwe kwenziwa ngezinye izingxenye ezisekelayo kumshini, futhi ekugcineni insimbi ewuketshezi ithululelwa esikhunjini ngokusebenzisa inversion ye-crucible ukuze yakhe insimbi yensimbi. Nweba. Isakhiwo esikhulu semishini yokuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction sihlanganisa lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo:

Ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye ezingenhla, isithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum kufanele futhi sifakwe amandla kagesi, isistimu yokulawula, kanye nesistimu yokupholisa ukuze kunikezwe okokufaka kwamandla ukuze okokusebenza kuncibilike, futhi kunikeze inani elithile lokupholisa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile. ukuvimbela isistimu ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi kubangele ukunciphisa noma ukulimala kwesakhiwo. Emishinini yokuncibilikisa yokungeniswa enezidingo ezithile zenqubo, kunezingxenye ezisizayo ezihlobene, ezifana netroli yokudlulisela, ukuvuleka nokuvalwa komnyango wesithando somlilo, i-centrifugal casting pan, iwindi lokubuka, njll. Okokusebenza okunokungcola okwengeziwe, kufanele futhi kufakwe isihlungi segesi. uhlelo, njll. Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezidingekayo, isethi ephelele yemishini yokuncibilika kwe-induction ingakwazi futhi ukubona imisebenzi ehlukene ngokungeza ezinye izingxenye ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile zenqubo, futhi inikeze izimo ezikahle kanye nezindlela zokuqalisa zokulungiselela insimbi.

2.1. Isithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum induction

I-vacuum induction smelting furnace iyithuluzi lokuncibilikisa eliqale lincibilikise insimbi ngokufudumeza okungeniswa ngaphansi kwevacuum, bese lithela insimbi ewuketshezi esikhunjini ukuze kutholwe ingot yensimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa kweziko lokungeniswa kwe-vacuum kwaqala cishe ngo-1920 futhi kwakusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuncibilikisa ama-alloys e-nickel-chromium. Kuze kube iMpi Yezwe II ikhuthaza ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-vacuum, isithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum sathuthukiswa ngempela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngenxa yesidingo sezinto ezisetshenziswa yingxubevange, iziko lokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction laqhubeka nokukhula libe ngamanani amakhulu, ukusuka kumathani ambalwa okuqala kuya kumathani amaningi esithandweni somlilo esikhulukazi. Ukuze uvumelane nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngaphezu koshintsho kumthamo wemishini, ukwakheka kwesithando somlilo sokungeniswa kubuye kwavela esithandweni somjikelezo esinomjikelezo njengeyunithi kuya ekuncibilikeni kokufakwa kwe-vacuum okuqhubekayo noma okungapheli kokushaja, isikhunta. ukulungisa, ukuncibilikisa, nokuthulula imisebenzi. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokumisa isithando somlilo kusindisa isikhathi sokushaja kanye nesikhathi sokulinda ukuze ingot iphole. Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kwandisa ukuphuma kwe-alloy. Ukuhlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zokukhiqiza kwangempela. Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle, iziko langaphambili le-vacuum induction ezweni lami linomthamo omncane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamathani ama-2. Iziko elikhulu lokuncibilikisa zisathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuthuthuka kwamashumi eminyaka amuva nje, izwe lami lingakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwe-vacuum enkulu ngokwalo. Isithando somlilo, ukuncibilika okuphezulu kufinyelela amathani angaphezu kweshumi. Isithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-VIM vacuum vacuum esakhiwe ngaphambili, sinesakhiwo esilula, ukusetshenziswa okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokulungisa, futhi sisetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni kwangempela.

Ifomu eliyisisekelo lesithando somlilo esincibilikisa i-vacuum induction. Izinto zensimbi zengezwa ku-crucible encibilikayo nge-turret ejikelezayo. Olunye uhlangothi luqondaniswe ne-crucible, futhi ukukalwa kwezinga lokushisa kubonakala ngokufaka i-thermocouple phansi ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Insimbi encibilikisiwe iqhutshwa umshini wokuphenduka futhi ithululelwe ekubunjweni kokubumba ukuze kubonakale ukuncibilika kwensimbi. Yonke inqubo ilula futhi ilungele ukusebenza. Ukuncibilika ngakunye kudinga umsebenzi oyedwa noma ababili ukuze kuqedwe. Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, ukuqapha kwangempela kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhathi sangempela nokulungiswa kokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungafinyelelwa, futhi impahla yokugcina yensimbi ihambisana kakhulu nezidingo zenqubo.

2.2. Isithando somlilo segesi ye-vacuum induction

Ukuze uthole izinto ezithile, akudingekile ukuqedela ukuthululelwa ekamelweni le-vacuum kule nqubo, ukugcinwa kokushisa kuphela nokukhishwa kwe-degassing endaweni ye-vacuum kuyadingeka. Ngokwesisekelo sesithando somlilo se-VIM, isithando somlilo se-vacuum induction yegesi yesithando somlilo se-VID siyathuthukiswa kancane kancane.

Isici esiyinhloko sesithando somlilo se-vacuum induction degassing isakhiwo esihlangene kanye nevolumu encane yesithando somlilo. Ivolumu encane isiza kakhulu ekukhishweni kwegesi ngokushesha kanye ne-vacuum engcono. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezithando zokushisa ezivamile, okokusebenza kunomthamo omncane, ukulahlekelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuguquguquka okungcono kanye nomnotho, futhi kufanelekile ukuphakela uketshezi noma okuqinile. Isithando somlilo se-VID singasetshenziselwa ukuncibilika nokuqothula kwensimbi ekhethekile nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, futhi idinga ukuthululelwa esikhunjini ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo yomoya noma umkhathi ovikelayo. Yonke inqubo yokuncibilikisa ingakwazi ukubona ukukhishwa kokungcola okufana nokukhishwa kwe-carburization kanye nokucwengwa kwezinto, i-dehydrogenation, i-deoxidation, ne-desulfurization, okulungele ukulungiswa okunembile kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo.
Ngaphansi kwesimo esithile se-vacuum noma umkhathi ovikelayo, izinto zensimbi zincibilika kancane kancane ngokushisa kwesithando somlilo se-induction degassing, futhi igesi yangaphakathi ingasuswa kule nqubo. Uma igesi yokusabela efanelekile yengezwa kule nqubo, izohlangana ne-carbon element engaphakathi kwensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-gaseous carbides azosuswa esithandweni, kufezwe inhloso yokukhipha i-carburization kanye nokucwengwa. Enqubweni yokuthela, isimo esithile sokuzivikela sidinga ukwethulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi impahla yensimbi ekhishwe i-degas ihlukaniswa negesi emkhathini, futhi ekugcineni ukuchithwa nokucwengisiswa kwensimbi kuyaqedwa.

2.3. Vacuum induction degassing ukuthulula isithando somlilo

Isithando somlilo sokuthulula i-vacuum induction degassing sithuthukiswa ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuncibilikisa. Ngo-1988, uLeybold-Heraeus, umanduleli wenkampani yaseJalimane i-ALD, wenza isithando somlilo sokuqala se-VIDP. Umongo wobuchwepheshe walolu hlobo lwesithando somlilo uyigumbi elincibilikisa ivacuum elihlanganisiwe elihlanganiswe ne-induction coil crucible. Yinkulu kancane kunekhoyili yokungeniswa futhi iqukethe kuphela ikhoyili yokungeniswa kanye ne-crucible. Amakhebula, amapayipi okupholisa amanzi kanye nendlela yokuguqula amanzi afakwe ngaphansi komhlaba wonke afakwe ngaphandle kwegumbi elincibilikayo. Inzuzo iwukuvikela izintambo namapayipi apholise amanzi emonakalweni obangelwa ukuchaphazeka kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye noshintsho lwezikhathi ezithile lokushisa nokucindezela. Ngenxa yokunethezeka kwe-disassembly nokwenza kube lula ukushintshwa kwe-crucible, igobolondo lesithando somlilo se-VIDP ifakwe imizimba emithathu yomlilo. Ukufakwa kwesithando somlilo esilungiselelwe kufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Isembozo sesithando somlilo sisekelwa ohlakeni lwesithando somlilo kanye namakholomu amabili we-hydraulic cylinder by vacuum evalwe ezivezas. Lapho uthela, amasilinda amabili asebenza ngogesi ngaphezu kwesembozo sesithando somlilo ohlangothini, futhi isembozo sesithando somlilo siqhuba ikamelo elincibilikayo ukuba litshekele eduze nendawo yokucima umlilo. eziveza. Esimweni sokuthulula esithambekele, akukho ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwegumbi elincibilikayo kanye ne-crucible yekhoyili yokungeniswa. Umgijimi uyingxenye ebalulekile yesithando somlilo se-VIDP. Ngenxa yokuthi idizayini yesithando somlilo se-VIDP ihlukanisa ikamelo elincibilikayo egunjini le-ingot, insimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele idlule ku-vacuum runner egumbini le-ingot. Igumbi le-ingot livuliwe futhi livaliwe ngohlangothi oluyisikwele oluyi-oblique. Yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye egxilile iseduze negumbi lomgijimi, futhi ingxenye ehambayo ihamba ngokuvundlile eduze kwethrekhi yaphansi ukuze iqedele ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwegumbi le-ingot. Kweminye imishini, ingxenye enyakazayo yakhelwe ukuthi ibe ngamadigri angama-30, ivuleke kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ibheke phezulu, elungele ukulayisha nokukhipha isikhunta se-ingot nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke nokulungiswa kwama-cranes. Ekuqaleni kokuncibilika, umzimba wesithando somlilo uphakanyiswa umshini we-hydraulic ngezansi, uhlanganiswe nesembozo somlilo wesakhiwo esiphezulu sesithando somlilo, futhi uvaliwe ngomshini okhethekile. Ingxenye engenhla yekhava yesithando somlilo ixhunywe negumbi lokudla ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum I-valve.

Njengoba ingxenye yokuncibilika kuphela evalelwe ekamelweni le-vacuum futhi ithululelwa nge-diversion groove, isakhiwo somlilo sihlangene, igumbi lokuncibilika lincane, futhi i-vacuum ingalawulwa kangcono futhi ngokushesha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesithando somlilo esincibilikayo esivamile, sinezici zesikhathi esifushane sokuphuma kanye nezinga lokuvuza eliphansi. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi efanelekile kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlomisa uhlelo lokulawula umqondo we-PLC. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isistimu yokunyakazisa kazibuthe inganyakazisa kahle ichibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi izakhi ezengeziwe zizoncibilika ngokufanayo echibini elincibilikisiwe ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, okugcina izinga lokushisa liseduze nokungaguquki. Lapho uthela imali, umgijimi ushiswa yisistimu yokushisa yangaphandle ukuze anciphise ukuvinjelwa kokuqala kokuthulula kwechweba lokuthulula kanye nokuqhekeka okushisayo komgijimi. Ngokungeza i-baffle yesihlungi nezinye izinyathelo, kungadambisa umthelela wensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi. Ngenxa yomthamo omncane wesithando somlilo se-VIDP, ukutholwa nokulungisa ukuvuza kwe-vacuum kulula, futhi isikhathi sokuhlanza esithandweni sifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa esithandweni lingalinganiswa ne-thermocouple encane, okulula ukuyibuyisela.

2.4, i-crucible epholile ngamanzi yokungeniswa

Indlela yokuncibilikisa yokuncibilikisa i-electromagnetic crucible electromagnetic induction vacuum levitation smelting epholile iyindlela yokuncibilikisa ethuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nezinto ezisebenza kakhulu zensimbi noma ezingezona ezensimbi. Ngokusika i-copper crucible ibe izingxenye ezilinganayo zesakhiwo se-petal yethusi, futhi ukupholisa kwamanzi kudluliselwa ku-petal block ngayinye, lesi sakhiwo sithuthukisa ukuphonswa kwe-electromagnetic, ukuze insimbi encibilikisiwe icindezelwe phakathi ukuze yakhe i-hump futhi ihlukane udonga oluboshiwe. Insimbi ibekwe endaweni eshintshanayo kazibuthe kagesi. Idivayisi igxilisa umthamo esikhaleni sevolumu ngaphakathi kwe-crucible, bese yenza i-eddy current eqinile ebusweni bokushaja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhulula ukushisa kwe-Joule ukuncibilikisa ukushaja, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenza i-Lorentz force ukuze incibilike Umzimba umisa okwesikhashana futhi ukhiqize ukugqugquzela okunamandla. Izakhi ze-alloy ezengeziwe zingahlanganiswa ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo ekuncibilikeni, okwenza ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali kufane kakhulu kanye nokuqhutshwa kwezinga lokushisa okulinganiselwe. Ngenxa yomphumela we-magnetic levitation, ukuncibilika akuhlangene nodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-crucible, okuvimbela i-crucible ekungcoliseni ukuncibilika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa futhi kuthuthukise imisebe yokushisa, okunciphisa ukuchithwa kokushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi kufinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Ngeshaja yensimbi eyengeziwe, ingancibilika futhi igcinwe ifudumele ngokuvumelana nesikhathi esidingekayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elibekiwe, futhi ukushaja akudingi ukucutshungulwa kusengaphambili. Ukuncibilika kwe-crucible okupholiswe ngamanzi kungafinyelela izinga lokuncibilika kwe-electron beam mayelana nokukhipha i-metal inclusions kanye nokucwengiswa kwe-degassing, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa kwe-evaporation kukuncane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuyathuthukiswa. Ngenxa yezici zokushisisa okungathintwayo zokushisisa okungeniswayo, umthelela ekuncibilikeni mncane, futhi kunomthelela omuhle ekulungiseleleni ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu noma izinsimbi ezisebenza kakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semishini, kusenzima ukubona ukuncibilika kwe-maglev kumishini emikhulu. Kulesi sigaba, azikho izinto zokuncibilikisa i-copper crucible ezinomthamo omkhulu wamanzi. Izisetshenziswa zamanje ze-crucible ezipholiswe ngamanzi zisetshenziselwa ucwaningo lokuhlola lokuncibilikisa insimbi enevolumu encane.

3. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemishini yokuncibilika yokungeniswa

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisa kwe-vacuum induction, izinhlobo zesithando somlilo zishintsha njalo ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi ehlukene. Kusukela esakhiweni esincibilikisayo esilula noma esishisisayo, siye sathuthuka kancane kancane saba isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esikwazi ukubona imisebenzi ehlukene futhi esivumela kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Ukuze uthole izinqubo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhathini esizayo, indlela yokufinyelela ukulawulwa kwenqubo okunembayo, ukulinganisa kanye nokukhipha ulwazi olufanele, nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuncibilika kokungeniswa.

3.1, i-modular

Kusethi ephelele yemishini, izingxenye ezihlukene zihlonyiselwe izidingo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ingxenye ngayinye yengxenye yenza umsebenzi wayo ukuze kuzuzwe injongo yayo yokusetshenziswa. Ezinhlotsheni ezithile zesithando somlilo, ukwengeza amamojula athile ukwenza imishini iphelele, isibonelo, ifakwe uhlelo oluphelele lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kusiza ukubuka izinguquko zezinto esithandweni somlilo ngokushisa, futhi kuzuzwe ukulawula okunengqondo kokushisa; ifakwe i-spectrometer enkulu ukuze ibone ukwakheka kwezinto Lungisa isikhathi nokulandelana kokwengeza izakhi ze-alloying ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-alloy esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo; ifakwe isibhamu se-electron kanye nesibhamu se-ion ukuxazulula inkinga yokuncibilika kwezinye izinsimbi eziphikisayo, njalonjalo. Esikhathini esizayo okokusebenza kwe-metallurgical, inhlanganisela ehlukene yamamojula ahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi ehlukene kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo ehlukene sekuphenduke inkambiso engenakugwemeka yentuthuko, futhi iyinhlanganisela nereferensi yezinkambu ezahlukene. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi futhi kutholwe izinto zokusebenza ngokusebenza okungcono, okokusebenza kwemodular kuzoba nokuncintisana okuqinile kwemakethe.

3.2. Ukulawula okuhlakaniphile

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuncibilika kwendabuko, okokusebenza kwe-vacuum induction kunenzuzo enkulu ekufezeni ukulawulwa kwenqubo. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha, ukusebenza okunobungane kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu, ukutholwa kwesignali okukhaliphile kanye nokuhlelwa kohlelo okunengqondo emishinini kungafeza kalula inhloso yokulawula inqubo yokuncibilikisa, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, futhi kwenze ukusebenza kube lula futhi elula.

Ekuthuthukisweni okuzayo, izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zizokwengezwa kumshini wokuvala. Ngenqubo emisiwe, kuzoba lula ngabantu ukuthi balawule ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika ngesistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile, bengeze izinto zengxubevange ngesikhathi esithile, futhi baqedele uchungechunge lwezenzo zokuncibilikisa, ukugcinwa kokushisa, nokuthela. Futhi konke lokhu kuzolawulwa futhi kuqoshwe ikhompuyutha, kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile okubangelwa amaphutha abantu. Ngenqubo yokuncibilika ephindaphindayo, ingabona ukulawula kwesimanje okulula kakhulu nokuhlakaniphe kakhulu.

3.3. Ulwazi

Imishini yokuncibilikisa induction izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lolwazi lokuncibilika phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokuncibilika, izinguquko zepharamitha yesikhathi sangempela samandla okushisa okufakwayo, indawo yokushisa yokushaja, i-crucible, inkambu ka-electromagnetic ekhiqizwa ikhoyili yokungeniswa, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zensimbi ziyancibilika, njalonjalo. Njengamanje, imishini ibona kuphela ukuqoqwa kwedatha elula, futhi inqubo yokuhlaziya yenziwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwedatha ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuncibilika. Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokwaziswa, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokucutshungulwa, kanye nenqubo yokuhlaziya nakanjani kuzovunyelaniswa nenqubo yokuncibilikisa. Iqoqo ledatha eliphelele lezinto ezincibilikisiwe zangaphakathi zemishini yensimbi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ngekhompyutha, ukuboniswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwenkambu yokushisa yangaphakathi kanye nenkundla kagesi kagesi yemishini ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali, ngempendulo yesikhathi sangempela yedatha ehlukene, elula kubantu Ukubuka ngesikhathi sangempela nokulungiswa kwenqubo yokuncibilikisa kuqinise ukungenelela nokulawula komuntu. Enqubweni yokuncibilikisa, ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-alloy.

Isiphetho se-4

Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni, ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction buye bathuthuka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ngezinzuzo zabo ezihlukile, futhi budlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezimboni. Njengamanje, nakuba ubuchwepheshe bezwe lami bokuncibilikisa i-vacuum induction zisasilele emuva emazweni angaphandle, zisadinga imizamo engapheli yabasebenzi abafanelekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwemakethe yemishini ekhethekile yokuncibilikisa yezwe lami futhi sizame konke okusemandleni ukuba yimishini yokuncibilikisa esezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni. . Phambili.

Xhumanisa nale ndatshana: Ukuthuthukiswa nokuthambekela kobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwe-vacuum induction

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