Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Lokubumba Kokhonkolo Kanye Nokumodelwa Kobumba

Izakhi ezintathu zedizayini yokumodela yobumba:

Ngokuvamile kubhekiswa: ekusebenzeni, ubungcweti nobuhle. Imithetho eyisisekelo yedizayini yokumodela ka-ceramic:

(1) Ukuzinza:

• 1) Lapho isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi sigudlukela phansi, ukhiye ulele ekuphakameni kwesifuba nesisu;
• 2) Balance phakathi mpo futhi enezingqimba;
• I-3) Usayizi nenani lobuso bodwa bokumodela kufanelekile. Indlela yokuhlola ukubona ukuthi ngabe ingxenye engezansi lapho imigqa ehambisanayo yomibili imiphetho yehlombe elingaphezulu lemodeli ihlangana khona nolayini abadayanayo emikhawulweni yomibili yonyawo lwangaphansi ingaphezulu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Izinto ezimise okwesikhashana ziwela phansi ngenxa yesisindo sazo, ngakho-ke azinqunyelwe lo mthetho.

(2) Ushintsho nokuhlanganiswa kwesimo:

• 1) Qhathanisa;
• 2) Qinisa futhi wenze buthakathaka;
• 3) Isigqi nesigqi.

(3) Ukusebenziseka kokumodela:

• 1) Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kufanele kubheke ukuthi izitsha ezahlukahlukene zinokusetshenziswa okwehlukile futhi zingaphansi kwezidingo ezahlukahlukene;
• 2) Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, izidingo zobuhle nezimo zezomnotho zento esetshenziswayo kufanele zicatshangelwe;
• 3) Izidingo zomthamo wokumodela yizindinganiso ezibalulekile zobumba lwansuku zonke;
• I-4) Ubungqabavu bokumodela futhi bungenye yezidingo ezisebenzayo.

(4) Uhlobo lwesayensi lokumodela kwe-ceramic:

• 1) Ushintsho lwesakhiwo semodeli kufanele luhambisane nomkhawulo wamandla amancane (okungukuthi, umgomo wezimfuneko zomshini);
• 2) Isakhiwo sokumodela kufanele sinake ngokuphelele ipulasitiki lobumba lwaso;
• I-3) Imodeli yokuklama kufanele ikwazi ukushintsha ukushisa kokushisa okuphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe;
• 4) Izingxenye zokuxhuma zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zokumodela kufanele zibe nengqondo futhi zilula;
• 5) Idizayini kufanele kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, ukugeza nokuhlanza.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokwenza imodeli

• 1.Uqonda ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuklama kwe-ceramic nokukhiqizwa;
• 2. Hlaziya futhi ucwaninge ubujamo obuhle kakhulu bobumba eChina yasendulo neyanamuhla nakwamanye amazwe;
• 3. Kahle ukuguqulwa kokumodela kwe-ceramic kusuka ekwakhiweni kwephepha kuye ezintweni ezinamacala amathathu;
• 4. Qonda izici ezibonakalayo ze-gypsum futhi wazi kahle izindlela zokuyisebenzisa;
• 5. Yazi izindlela zendlela yokwenza isikhunta sobumba;
• 6. Kahle izinyathelo zendlela yokwenza kabusha imodeli ye-ceramic;
• 7. Kahle izinyathelo indlela grouting;
• 8. Yazi kahle izindaba okufanele zinakwe esinyathelweni ngasinye.

(1) Ukulungiselela i-gypsum slurry:

1. Izici ze-gypsum:

I-Gypsum yiyona nto eyinhloko eluhlaza yokwenza imodeli. Ngokuvamile kungamakristalu amhlophe ampuphu, kepha futhi anamakristalu aphuzi nawabomvu. Kungokwesimiso se-monoclinic crystal. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-calcium sulfate. Ngokwenani lamanzi e-crystal, ihlukaniswe yaba yi-dihydrate gypsum ne-Anhydrous gypsum, isicelo sokukhiqizwa komkhakha we-ceramic ngokuvamile i-dihydrate gypsum, esebenzisa izici ze-dihydrate gypsum elahlekelwa yingxenye yamanzi e-crystal ngemuva kokubalwa phansi ukushisa okungaba ngu-180 degrees Celsius bese kuba yimpuphu eyomile, engamunca amanzi futhi iqine. Ngaphezu kwe-gypsum yemvelo, kukhona ne-gypsum yokwenziwa. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokusetha i-gypsum ukuthi ixutshwe futhi inyakaziswe ngokulinganayo imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, bese ukusabela kokushisa imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwemi-8. Ngemuva kokupholisa, iba yinto eqinile futhi eqinile.

Ngokwethiyori, inani lamanzi adingekayo ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kwe-gypsum namanzi liyi-18.6%; ngenkathi kwenziwa imodeli, inani langempela lamanzi elingeziwe likhulu kakhulu kunaleli nani. Inhloso ukuthola uketshezi oluthile lwe-gypsum slurry yokuthela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uthole i-A model enendawo ebushelelezi; amanzi amaningi ashiya ama-poillary pores amaningi ngemuva kokumiswa, okwenza imodeli ye-plaster ingenise amanzi.

Ukumuncwa kwamanzi kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yemodeli ye-gypsum, ethinta ngqo ijubane lokwakha ngesikhathi sokugaya. Izinga lokumunca amanzi isikhunta se-plaster sezinto zobumba ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-38% no-48%.

Beka i-gypsum powder endaweni eyomile. Ungafafazi amanzi noma ujike i-gypsum ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa. Isikhwama se-gypsum kufanele sihlanzeke ukuvimbela izinsalela ze-gypsum ezisetshenzisiwe noma amanye ama-sundries ekuhlanganisweni esikhwameni.

2.Ukubumba ukhonkolo wobumba:

I-Gypsum imvamisa amhlophe amhlophe we-powdery, kanye namakristalu aphuzi abomvu ngokubomvu. Kungokwesimiso se-monolithic crystal. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa, ihlukaniswe yaba yi-dihydrate gypsum ne-anhydrous gypsum. Uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhiqizwa kwesikhunta semboni ye-ceramic ngokuvamile luyi-dihydrate gypsum. Isebenzisa izici ze-dihydrate gypsum elahlekelwa yingxenye yamanzi e-crystal ngemuva kokubalwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi angaba ngu-180 degrees Celsius, futhi iba yimpuphu eyomile, ekwazi ukumunca amanzi futhi iqine. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokusetha i-gypsum ukuthi ixutshwe futhi inyakaziswe ngokulinganayo imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, bese ukusabela kokushisa imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwemi-8. Ngemuva kokupholisa, iba yinto eqinile futhi eqinile.

Ngokwamarekhodi e- "Xin Tang Book Geography", uFangxian eHubei, uFenyang eShanxi, noDunhuang eGansu bonke basebenzise i-gypsum eTang Dynasty. Ngokwe- "Taoye Illustrated Illustrated Illustration" kaTang Ying, ukwenziwa kwezimodeli kwase kuphenduke imboni ekhethekile ngesikhathi sokubusa kweQianlong kweQing Dynasty. Kodwa-ke, i-gypsum yasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-ceramic ekugcineni kweQing Dynasty nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhlikhi yaseChina. Ngaleso sikhathi, iJingdezhen Ceramic Industry School yaqala yakhiqiza izinhlobo zokhonkolo. Ukwenziwa kwezinto zobumba kusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela zokuphila. Ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwezitsha zobumba, kuyadingeka ukukhulelwa nokuhlela ngokuya ngezimo nezidingo ezahlukahlukene ukuze kufezekiswe injongo ebekiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kungukuqala kokuklanywa kwemodeli ye-ceramic. Akuwona umhlobiso wobuso, kepha ukuzimisela kwefomu eliyisisekelo nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Ukucubungula ubudlelwano bobabili kudala isimo sokwakheka kathathu kwangempela. Akuhlukile nje kuphela ekuguqulweni komhlaba, kepha futhi kwehlukile ekubunjweni okungokoqobo kwezithombe zemvelo. Isebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene zokumodela futhi ilandela imithetho nezindlela ezithile ukwakha izitsha zobumba imvelo engazinikanga isintu.

3. Ukushintshashintsha kwegypsum slurry:

• 1) Lungisa umcengezi kanye nosimende powder;
• 2) Faka inani elifanele lamanzi esitsheni, bese ufafaza kancane kancane i-gypsum powder emanzini asemaphethelweni omcengezi. Qinisekisa ukwengeza amanzi kuqala bese u-gypsum ngokulandelana.
• 3) Kuze kuphume i-gypsum powder ebusweni bamanzi futhi ingasadonseli ngokwemvelo amanzi nosinki, linda isikhashana bese usebenzisa induku eshukumisayo ukuyivusa ngokushesha nangamandla nangokulinganayo. Vele ukwenze unamathisele.
• 4) Isilinganiso se-gypsum ngesikhathi sokulungiselela sithi: gypsum slurry for general car manufacturing, water: gypsum = 1: 1.2 ~ 1.4; i-gypsum slurry yokusika, amanzi: gypsum = 1: 1.2 noma kunjalo; i-gypsum slurry yokwakhiwa kabusha kwemodeli, Amanzi: gypsum = 1: cishe i-1.4 ~ 1.8.
• 5) Qaphela ukukhetha izigaxa nokungcola ku-gypsum slurry.

Model imoto uhlelo:

1. Amathuluzi wezinto zokusebenza:

(1) Umshini wemodeli yemoto

Imodeli yamathuluzi ayindilinga ikakhulukazi isebenzisa imodeli yemoto eqondile. Umshini wemodeli yemoto uhlukaniswe ngohlobo lobakaki nohlobo lwengalo ye-arch, phakathi kwawo lapho kuvame ukusetshenziswa khona uhlobo lobakaki. Izidingo zokwenza imodeli komshini wemodeli yemoto yilezi: kufanele ibe nezinga eliphezulu lokugxila; kudinga ukuzinza okuhle futhi kungamelana nemithwalo emikhulu; idinga indlela yokubopha eguquguqukayo; ikhanda lesondo lomshini wemoto kumele liboshwe futhi alikwazi ukukhululeka.

(2) Ithuluzi

Imimese esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imodeli ifaka phakathi: imimese engunxantathu, imimese eyisikwele, imimese ye-hacksaw, imimese yoqalo, njll. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukupholisha okwesikhashana amathuluzi amise okhethekile ngokuya ngezidingo zesikhunta.

Ummese ongunxantathu yithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuguqula isikhunta sethuluzi nxazonke. Okokusebenza kuvamise ukusikwa kube onxantathu abalinganayo abangama-50-60 mm abane-4 ~ 5 mm 45 *, insimbi engu-50 *, bese kufakwa insimbi eyindilinga enobubanzi obungu-8 ~ 10 mm nobude obungu-400 mm. Isibambo sokhuni sifakwe ngemuva ukuze kube lula ukubamba.

Izidingo zokwenza imodeli zamathuluzi:

• a. Ithuluzi ngokuvamile lidingeka ukuthi livulwe nge-engela engu- degrees45 degrees;
• b. Umugqa onqenqemeni wokusika kufanele ugcinwe kulayini oqondile (ngaphandle kwamathuluzi amise okhethekile);
• c. Umphetho wommese kufanele ucwebezelwe phansi;
• d. I-shank nesibambo kufanele kuxhunywe ngokuqinile;

(3) Amathuluzi Asizayo

Amathuluzi asizayo asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imodeli afaka phakathi: uwoyela wezwa, ibha yokuqinisela, umcengezi we-gypsum slurry, isandpaper engazweli amanzi, i-hacksaw blade, ipensela, ibhodi eliqinile, isaha yocingo, intambo, isiqeshana, njll .; Amanani asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka phakathi: izikhali zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ababusi, onxantathu, amakhampasi, njll.

2. Imodeli yokukhiqizwa kwemoto:

Imodeli ephenduka ukwenziwa kwemodeli iyindlela yokujika enamamishini ayimishini futhi eyimanuwali. Ngakho-ke, abafundi abadingeki nje kuphela ukuba bafunde imigomo ejwayelekile yokuguqula nezindlela zokusebenza, kepha futhi nokuba namakhono athile. Imodeli yohlelo lwemoto isebenza kakhulu ngesandla. Ngakho-ke, nansi isingeniso esifushane sezindlela zokusebenza nezinyathelo zokubhekisela kwabafundi.

(1) Ukulungiselela imodeli yohlelo lwemoto

• a. Lungisa amathuluzi, amanzi nosimende, hlanza itafula lomshini wemodeli yemoto, lungisa umdwebo wokukhiqiza ohlakeni ngocingo noma izipikili, bese uhlanza ipuleti elingunxantathu uzipho lomshini wemodeli yemoto.
• b. Ngokwesilinganiso sobukhulu besimodeli, khipha umkhawulo we-2 kuye ku-4 mm, bese ugcwalisa udaka ngaphansi kwepuleti elingunxantathu uzipho, bese uligcwalisa ngombuthano ngangokunokwenzeka. Inhloso ukwenza itafula lokuvalela uwoyela, hhayi ukuvuza i-gypsum slurry eziveza kwepuleti uzipho.
• c. Sika i-linoleum ngokusho kokuphakama kwesimo. Sebenzisa intambo ukusonga i-linoleum kupulatifomu yodaka ogcwele. Qiniseka ukuthi uyibopha ngokuqinile bese ugcwalisa igebe ngodaka ukuvimbela i-gypsum slurry ekuvuzeni.
• d. Thela kancane i-gypsum slurry egudlisiwe emgodini ovaliwe we-linoleum, bese usebenzisa induku encane ukuyifaka bese unyakazisa ngobumnene ukukhulula amagwebu ngaphakathi.

(2) Ukusebenza kohlelo lwemoto oluyisibonelo

a. Lapho ujika, yima ngemilenze yakho ngaphandle ukuze uzinze umzimba wakho; ukuze ubambe ithuluzi, kufanele usebenzise ibha yokuzinza namandla omzimba wakho ukuzinzisa ithuluzi. Ngokuvamile, ibha yokuqinisa ibekwe ehlombe langakwesokudla, futhi ingaphambili le-bar stabilizer libekwe kupuleti elilungisiwe le-lathe; isandla sobunxele sibamba ingaphambili lethuluzi kanye ne-stabilizer bar ngokuqinile, futhi isandla sokudla siqinisa ophethe ithuluzi ngemuva. Ithuluzi ligxiliswe kubha yokuqinisa ohlangothini olulodwa. Ithuluzi lithinta ikholomu yesamente ngesikhathi sokujika.

b. Ipuleti uzipho umshini lathe jikelele uzungeza esiphikisana newashi, ngakho ithuluzi ngokuvamile ohlangothini lwesokunene ikholomu ukhonkolo; ngenkathi kuguqulwa, isibambo sethuluzi nebha yokuqinisa kufanele ibanjwe ngokuqinile, nehlombe kufanele liqiniswe nakubha yokuqinisa. Kuzonciphisa isimo sokweqa ummese nokuthuthumela.

c. Ngemuva kokuthi i-gypsum slurry isiqine kancane, susa i-linoleum, qala usebenzise ithuluzi lokujika ukuguqula ikholomu yokhonkolo nxazonke futhi uyicaba; bese uvula isibonelo, imvamisa ushiye isabelo semishini esingu-1 kuye ku-2 mm, bese wenza ukuphenduka okuhle ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwesimo esiyisisekelo. . Futhi sebenzisa i-sandpaper engamelana namanzi ukupholisha kahle futhi bushelelezi.

d. Ukusebenza kommese:

• a.Umese weLongitudinal: Kuyindlela esemqoka yokuguqula umbuthano wangaphandle wekholomu yesamente. Ngaphandle kwezandla namahlombe okubamba isibambo kanye ne-stabilizer bar, ummese kufanele ufakwe kusuka ekuqondeni okuxekethile kobuso bangaphandle bekholomu yesamente bese uhamba ngejubane eliqhubekayo ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Yima uqonde izinyawo zakho zihlukaniswe ibanga elithile, futhi amadolo akho kufanele agobe kancane ngejubane elifanayo ukuze wenze ukuma kwehhashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele ugcine amandla afanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ichopho lommese lihamba ngendlela eqondile ngejubane elifanayo. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa ithiphu ukujika okunamandla nensimbi yokucheba kahle.
• b.Cross ummese: It is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa lapho uvula ebusweni phezulu usimende ikholomu. Lapho ufaka ithuluzi, ngokuvamile liqala ukusuka enkabeni yombuthano bese liphumela ngaphandle ngosizo lwamandla we-centrifugal; ingabuye iphenduke ngaphandle iye ngaphakathi. Hlukanisa izinyawo zakho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, bese uhambisa amandla adonsela phansi omzimba wakho ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla noma ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele. Amandla kumele afane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-blade noma ithiphu lommese lihamba liye phezulu futhi lihamba njalo.
• c.Ukusika i-Arc: Ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zomumo wesikhunta, ithuluzi liyaphakelwa bese liphenduka nge-engeli ethile. Ngokuvamile, ithuluzi liphakela kusuka engxenyeni ngesilinganiso esikhulu sokusika, kusuka ekujuleni kuye ekujuleni, futhi kusuka kuthuluzi elisheshayo kuye kancane. Ithuluzi lihamba ku-arc eyisiyingi ngokuya ngezidingo ze-radian zemodeli. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa ichopho lommese ukulungisa okuluhlaza, bese usebenzisa i-round blade yommese oyisikwele ukulungisa kahle.
• d. Indawo yokujika: ngokuvamile sebenzisa ichopho lommese ongunxantathu ukuze ujike. Kwesinye isikhathi ithuluzi lifakwa isikhashana ngokusho komdwebo wemodeli. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise ukujika okuphelele kwesikhundla se-lunge.
• e. Ijika le-contour lesitsha lingasikwa ngebhodi eliqinile ngokusho komdwebo, bese lingaqhathaniswa nemoto kumodeli we-plaster.
• f. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kuqediwe futhi imidwebo ilungile, usike ngokufana nensimbi ye-hacksaw. Ngokuvamile, umshini lathe ingasetshenziswa ahlabayo rotary.
• g.Uma uhlobo lwesikhunta luvunyelwe, uhlobo lwesikhunta lungaphendulwa lubhekiswe phansi, ukuze unyawo lwangaphansi lusikwe ngqo; unyawo lungabanjwa futhi ngesandla. Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwentamo ejiyile futhi akusekho izesekeli ezingasetshenziswa ukwenza ezansi emotweni ngemuva kokusika. Le ndlela ukukala ngokunembile ubukhulu besikhunta, bese uphendulela u-plaster chassis emshinini wemodeli yemoto ube yisisekelo esilingana nobukhulu. Isikhungo siyadingeka ukuthi sibe phansi futhi umphetho uphezulu. Bese ubeka imodeli ubheke phansi phansi emotweni, qiniseka ukuvumelanisa imiphetho, ufake i-ejenti ekhishwayo kwimodeli nasesisekelweni, ulungise isinamathiseli esishubile, bese ukhipha unyawo.
• h. Hlanza amatafula, imimese, njll.

(3) isikhunta ahlabayo operation:

Isikhunta esimise okhethekile ikakhulu sibhekisa kubobunjwa obungaphendulwa ngomshini wokujika ngasikhathi sinye. Indlela yokukhiqiza isebenzisa kakhulu ukumodeliswa okwenziwa ngesandla noma ukumodeliswa okuxubekile (okungukuthi, inhlanganisela yemanuwali neyomshini).

Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza yilezi:

• a. Beka umdwebo ubheke phezulu ebhentshini lomsebenzi osicaba, bese uwumboza ngocwecwe lwengilazi olusobala.
• b. Shaya udaka lube izingcezu zodaka zobukhulu obulinganiselayo, faka imbobo yokumodela kupuleti lengilazi ngokusho kwemidwebo, bese ushiya isabelo semishini esingu-1 kuye ku-2 mm onqenqemeni. Ukuphakama kwesiqeshana sodaka kuncike ebukhulu obukhulu besimodeli, futhi kufanele kube khona imajini. Ngemuva kwalokho yixhume ukuze uvikele ukuvuza kwe-gypsum.
• c. Lungisa i-gypsum slurry, uyithele kancane embotsheni ebiyelwe ngodaka, bese uyivuthulula ngobumnene ngenduku ezacile ukukhulula amagwebu angaphakathi.
• d. Ngemuva kokuthi usimende seluqinile kancane, susa indawo ebiyelwe ngodaka. Sika ukuphela okuphezulu ngamazinyo wensimbi yesaha.
• e. Susa i-plaster block epuletini lengilazi, thatha uhlangothi usondele engilazini njengebhanoyi lendiza, futhi indawo engenhla ekugcineni kufanele ifane nayo; ezinye izindawo kufanele ziqondane nakho.
• f. Bese ulinganisa ububanzi obudingekayo phezulu kusuka endizeni eyisithenjwa; nquma umugqa ophakathi nendawo.
• g. Ngesandla usike ngokuya nge-midline. I-symmetry isuselwa kulayini ophakathi nendawo; bonke abanye bobunjwa basikwa ngokusho kwemidwebo yokuklama.
• h. Ekugcineni, bushelelezi nge-sandpaper engamelana namanzi.

Okudingekayo: Uhlobo lwesikhunta luhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo nezidingo zenqubo, futhi indawo ibushelelezi, ngaphandle kokuvuleka nokuqhekeka, futhi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okufana nama-pores ne-trachoma.

(4) Umsebenzi wokukopisha oyisibonelo:

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile namathuluzi yilezi: imimese yoqalo, ama-hacksaw blades, imimese yensimbi yokubona, onxantathu bombusi, amabhulashi wokubhala, ama-oel felts, ama-ejenti wokukhipha isikhunta, njll.

• a. Hlanza ibhentshi lomsebenzi, hlanza isikhunta se-plaster, bese usebenzisa ipensela ukudweba ngobumnene umugqa wokuhlukanisa ebusweni bemodeli ngokusho kwepulani eyenziwe ngaphambilini. Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Umgomo ngukuthi ngesisekelo sokukwazi ukuvula isikhunta, amabhlogo amancane aba ngcono.
• b. Ngokumodela okujwayelekile, qala ngokuguqula isikhunta esikhulu, usebenzise udaka ukusetha, bese ufaka ukumodeliswa. Ngokomugqa wokuvalelisa, sebenzisa ummese woqalo ukushelela ubuso bodaka. Ubuso bodaka kufanele bube umugqa owodwa ngezansi komugqa wokuhlukanisa.
• c. Sabalalisa i-ejenti yokukhipha ngokulinganayo kufoloma yesamente, futhi unake zonke izingxenye kufanele ziboshwe ngokulinganayo futhi zingaphuthelwa.
• d. Sebenzisa ithempulethi noma uwoyela owazwayo ukufaka umphetho ongaphandle wesikhunta, futhi ibanga elivela kububanzi obukhulu besikhunta kufanele lifanele. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhunta esinokuphakama okungama-300 mm, ubukhulu bomphetho besikhunta bucishe bube yi-40 mm. Qaphela ukuthi akufanele kube khona izikhala kuthempulethi noma kuzwakala uwoyela. Kufanele kugxishwe udaka.
• e. Faka i-ejenti yokukhipha esikhunjeni bese uyibopha ngokuqinile ngesiqeshana noma ngentambo. Imbobo ye-grouting igcinwe ngokuya ngezidingo zokumodela, ezingaxojwa zibe umumo wetafula eliyindilinga ukuze zisetshenziswe.
• f. Lungiselela i-gypsum slurry bese uyithela kancane kancane embotsheni evaliwe kuze kube yilapho isikhunta sicwiliswa bese sengezwa kusayizi ofanele. Ngemuva kokuthi usimende seluqinile kancane, susa ithempulethi noma uzizwe, futhi ubushelelezi ingaphandle lesikhunta ngensingo ye-hacksaw.
• g. Ukuvula umlomo ohlangothini lwesikhunta, ungasebenzisa i-trapezoid, unxantathu, indilinga, njll, ukubaza nokubushelelezi, futhi kufanele ibe banzi phezulu futhi inciphe ezansi, ukuze kuvuleke esinye isikhunta.
• h. Faka i-ejenti yokukhipha kumodeli yesikhunta, uyihaqe ngesifanekiso noma uwoyela wezwa, uthele esinye isikhunta, njalonjalo, kuze kuthululwe isikhunta esihlanganisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi uthele isikhunta ngasinye, kufanele bushelelezi nge-hacksaw blade ngesikhathi. Ama-spigots wesikhunta kufanele anganqunyelwe, futhi ukwahlukana kufanele kube okuhambisanayo.
• i. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhunta sakhiwe kabusha, sishiye isikhathi esithile, futhi ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kokushisa kwe-gypsum kuphole, isikhunta singavulwa ukukhipha isikhunta. Uma kungelula ukuvula, kungavulwa ngokuthepha, ukwenza amanzi nezinye izindlela. Ngemuva kokuvula, isikhunta kufanele sihlanzwe ngamanzi ukuze kususwe i-ejenti ekhipha odongeni lwangaphakathi, bese sibekwa egumbini lokomiswa ukuze lome. Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokomiswa akumele libe ngaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angama-60 ukuvimbela isikhunta ukuthi singafakwa impuphu futhi sisulwe.

^{Qaphela: Yonke inqubo yokwenza isikhunta idinga isibindi nokunakekela, futhi kufanele ukhumbule ukufaka i-ejenti yokukhipha, vula umlomo, futhi uthambe. Isikhunta siyadingeka ukuthi sibushelelezi ngokuphelele, sibe nobuso obushelelayo, nengaphakathi elibushelelezi, futhi akukho miphetho endizayo kanye ne-burrs evunyelwe.}

(5) Ukugaya nokwenza umsebenzi:

Ukubumba okugreyidi ikakhulu kusebenzisa izici zesikhunta se-gypsum ukumunca amanzi, ukuze udaka luboshwe odongeni lwesikhunta ukuze lwenze ungqimba lodaka olufanayo, olufinyelela ubukhulu obudingekayo phakathi nesikhathi esithile, bese lilahla udaka olweqile nodaka olusele esikhunjeni Umswakama wesendlalelo uyaqhubeka nokumunca isikhunta se-gypsum futhi uqina kancane kancane, kuthi ngemuva kokumiswa, ivolumu iyancipha futhi yehlukane nesikhunta, bese kutholakala umzimba omuhle onolaka.

• a. Udaka: Hlanganisa udaka olomisiwe lwe-porcelain ngamanzi ngokuya ngesilinganiso. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe umswakama kungu-39%. Yishiye isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa ukwenza udaka lwe-porcelain lumunce ngokuphelele amanzi. Bese ufaka cishe u-0.3% we-sodium humate noma ingilazi yamanzi bese unyakaza. Ku-pulp yamakhemikhali, akumele kube nodaka noma ukungcola ku-pulp, futhi akukho manzi angenziwa ngokuthanda.
• b. Bopha isikhunta esomisiwe se-gypsum ngebhande noma ngentambo, bese usibeka etafuleni eliyisicaba itheku lokugaya libheke phezulu. Sebenzisa ibhakede lokugaya ukufaka umjovo kancane ku-slurry. Naka amalunga wesikhunta ukuthi angasebenzisi i-slurry, uma kwenzeka lokhu Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ibhulokhi lodaka ngesikhathi.
• c. Naka ukungeza i-slurry nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ungakwenzi ukucwiliswa kwesilayidi kakhulu, ukuze ugweme ukujiya okungalingani kwezitsha.
• d. Lapho udaka luxhunywe kusayizi othile kusikhunta, imvamisa kuba malunga no-3 ~ 5mm ukuthela udaka. Okuthululwa kufanele kuhambe kancane futhi akumele kusheshiswe ukugwema ukuxebuka ungqimba lodaka olukhishelwe esikhunjeni. Shintsha isikhunta ngobumnene ukugwema ukungahambisani nobukhulu bomlomo.
• e. Ngemuva kokuthela i-slurry, ngaphezu kwesimo se-outsole nesimo esingesihle sokuguqula, isikhunta ngokuvamile sibekwa sibheke phansi etafuleni, esibizwa ngokuthi i-slurry esingenalutho, bese sishiya cishe imizuzu engu-5.
• f. Ngemuva kokubekwa isikhathi esithile, imvamisa lapho itheku lokugaya lihlukaniswa elingenalutho ngo-0.5 kuye ku-1 mm, isikhunta singavulwa ngokulandelana kokubopha, futhi okungenalutho kungakhishwa ngokucophelela.
• g. Nquma umlomo odlidlizelayo ungenalutho, usike ingxenye eyeqile, bese uthambisa umugqa wokuhlukanisa.
• h. Beka udaka ku-pallet noma kwipulatifomu, bese ulomisa egumbini lokumisa noma ulomise ngokwemvelo ukuze lisetshenziswe kamuva.

Qaphela: Ayikho imfucumfucu engaxubeka odakeni; ngesikhathi sokugaya, akukhuthazwa ukujova ngokushesha okukhulu; ingaphakathi lomzimba kufanele libhebhe futhi libushelelezi, futhi akukho ukukhubazeka okusobala okufana namabhulokhi odaka avunyelwe; itheku elisikiwe lokugunda nolunye udaka alunakufakwa ngqo ebhakedeni le-Slurry eligugayo.

(6) Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa:

• 1. I-gypsum powder kufanele ibekwe endaweni eyomile, futhi isikhwama se-gypsum kufanele sihlanzeke ukuvimbela izinsalela ze-gypsum noma ama-sundries asetshenzisiwe ukuthi ahlanganiswe esikhwameni.
• 2. Faka amanzi ne-gypsum ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile ne-oda.
• 3. Qaphela ukubamba izinsizakusebenza ukuze uvikele ummese ukuba ungagxumi lapho ujika.
• 4. Uhlobo lwesikhunta luhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo nezidingo zenqubo, indawo ibushelelezi, akukho ukuvuleka nokuqhekeka, futhi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okufana nama-pores ne-trachoma.
• 5. Hlanza iziqongo zetafula kanye nabasiki be-lathe ngesikhathi.
• 6. Lapho uvuselela isikhunta, kufanele uzikhumbuze njalo ukusebenzisa i-ejenti yokukhipha, vula umlomo, futhi uwulinganise.
• 7. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhunta sakhiwe kabusha, indawo yonke kufanele ibe bushelelezi, ingaphezulu libe bushelelezi, kuthi ingaphakathi libe bushelelezi (ingxenye ehlangene yesikhunta ayivunyelwe ukupholishwa noma isulwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), futhi akukho miphetho nama-burrs zivunyelwe.
• 8. Akukho ukungcola okungaxubaniswa ne-grouting slurry, futhi isihlungi kufanele sisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuthi sijojowe esikhunjeni.
• 9. Uma ugaya, jola isikhunta kancane, hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu.
• 10. Ubuso bangaphakathi bomzimba obugiyile kufanele bube bushelelezi futhi bushelelezi, futhi kungabi khona ukukhubazeka okusobala okufana namabhulokhi odaka avumelekile.
• 11. Ichweba lokugunda elisikiwe kanye neminye imfucumfucu yodaka ayinakufakwa ngqo emgqonyeni wokugaya, futhi kufanele ihlungwe futhi isetshenziswe ngemuva kokuphinda kusethwe kabusha.

Izinga lokumunca amanzi isikhunta se-plaster se imishini yobumba imvamisa iphakathi kuka-38% no-48%

I-Gypsum slurry yamanzi okukhiqiza imoto: gypsum = 1: 1.2 ~ 1.4

I-Gypsum slurry yokusika amanzi: gypsum = 1: 1.2

I-Gypsum slurry yokwakha kabusha imodeli Amanzi: gypsum = 1: 1.4 ~ 1.8

Ububanzi besibambo sethuluzi le-lathe bungu-8-10 mm, kanti ubude bucishe bube ngu-400 mm

Lapho isikhunta somile, izinga lokushisa akumele libe ngaphezu kwama-60 degrees Celsius

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa kwamamodeli we-plaster

• 1. Ngaphambi kokugaya, lapho ubopha futhi usula isikhunta, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo ephambene nemodeli kufanele ihlanzwe, futhi imiphetho namakhona emodeli kufanele kuvikelwe ukuvikela ukugqoka. Zonke izinhlobo zokubopha imodeli kufanele ziqiniswe kahle. Uma izibopho zivulekile, zizovula imodeli, futhi uma izibopho ziqinile, imodeli izowa.
• 2. Ngemuva kokumbulwa kwendawo engenalutho olumanzi, udaka olusebenzayo ku-seam kufanele luhlanzwe ngento ethambile ngesikhathi, kungenjalo luyoqoqana lukhule lukhule lubangele imodeli ukuthi ikhubazeke.
• 3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemodeli emanzi akuqinisekisi kuphela ikhwalithi yokungenalutho, kodwa futhi kuyingozi kakhulu kumodeli uqobo. Izodala ukuthi imodeli iguge ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ifinyeze kakhulu impilo yesevisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imodeli inokuqukethwe okukhulu kwamanzi. Usawoti ongaphakathi kumodeli uphendula ngamakhemikhali nge-dihydrate gypsum. I-CaSO4 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3 ↓ + Na2SO4 Lokhu kuzodala ukugqwala okukhulu nokulimala esakhiweni sangaphakathi semodeli.
• 4. Imodeli emanzi kulula ukuyikhubaza ngesikhathi sokomisa. Imodeli emanzi esuswe futhi igxilwe futhi yomiswe kufanele ibekwe ngokucophelela. Kungcono ukungayibeki emabhuloki. Umphetho wodaka kufanele uhlanzwe, izingqinamba kufanele ziqiniswe, futhi imodeli emanzi kufanele ibekwe ngokufanele. Qinisa uqinisa futhi, ukuze imodeli yokuqala evulekile ikwazi ukulingana kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungenzeka ukuguqulwa okungathí sina. Lokhu yikho okushiwo ngabasebenzi abadala abakhalazayo, "isikhunta esinomlomo oxegayo singenziwa siqine, futhi isikhunta ngomlomo oqinile singaphelelwa ukuphuma."
• 5. Kwezokukhiqiza, sihlala sihlangana nomkhuba we "chalking" esigabeni sakamuva sokusetshenziswa kwemodeli, okungukuthi, isimo se-pulverization nokuchithwa ngaphandle kwemodeli. Isizathu salesi simo ikakhulukazi kungenxa yenqubo yokumisa yemodeli nengxenye yangaphakathi yemodeli. Umswakama uhamba ubheke ebusweni besimodeli. Lapho amanzi ehwamuka aya emoyeni, ingxenye encane yalawa usawoti ifakwa ebusweni besimodeli ngesimo soboya be-alikhali, futhi iningi lazo lihlala ezikhaleni ezingaphezulu kwesimodeli. 

Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, lawa sawoti aqoqeka futhi asebenze ngamakhemikhali nemodeli, okwenza imodeli igayeke. Izindlela zokuvimbela i-pulverization yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ReduceSinciphisa ngokufanele isivinini sokomisa imodeli, ukuze umswakama ukwazi ukuhwamuka ngokulingana kusuka kuzungeze imodeli;
• OpYamukela indlela yokuqinisa ngaphambili bese uvumela imodeli yome ebusuku. Uma imodeli ingakulungele ukubambeka ngaphambili ngoba imodeli imanzi, indwangu yepulasitiki ingambozwa ngaphezulu komgogodla ukuvikela inani elikhulu lomswakama ekuhwamukeni esiqongweni;
• CrSika isendlalelo sendawo engaphandle yokuqhuma yemodeli ukukhuphula ukungena komoya nokwenza umswakama uhwamuke ngaphandle kwendawo yokuqhuma.

Grouting: Yenziwa isilayidi esiwuketshezi ngamanzi, njll., Futhi i-slurry ithelwa kumodeli we-plaster porous. Amanzi angena kumodeli we-plaster ngendawo yokuxhumana, akhe ungqimba oluqinile ngaphezulu. Le yindlela yokubumba lapho ukwakheka kobuso bangaphakathi besikhunta se-plaster kufana nokuma komzimba obunjiwe. Ihlukaniswe ngendlela ye-grout emaceleni amabili (indlela eqinile yokugaya) nendlela ye-grout enamacala amabili (indlela ye-grouting engenalutho). Le ndlela isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ekukhiqizeni izinto zobumba. Izidingo zokuklama zokushisa kwezemvelo kanye nomswakama: Ukuqothula kuyindlela yokubumba enokuguquguquka okubanzi nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ingasetshenziselwa noma yisiphi isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi noma esingajwayelekile esingabunjwa ngezinye izindlela kanye nemikhiqizo yamathayi amancane. Ikhiqizwa ngokubunjwa, kepha ngoba izinga lokushisa nokushisa kunethonya elikhulu ekubunjweni okungenalutho, kuhlobene ngqo nezinga lekhwalithi nokusinda komkhiqizo ophelile. Ngakho-ke, ukushisa kwemvelo kanye nomswakama kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokushintsha kwesizini. .

Izidingo zokushisa kwemvelo nomswakama:

Izinga lokushisa elisebenza ku-grouting ware sanitary ngokuvamile lilawulwa kuma-25 ℃ -37 ℃. Izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingakhuphuka, kepha akufanele leqe ama-50 ℃, ngoba ingaphandle lomzimba oluhlaza lizoma ngokushesha okukhulu uma lidlula ama-50 ℃. Ijubane lokomisa ingaphakathi lomzimba lihamba kancane, okudala ukuncipha okungalingani komzimba ngesikhathi sokomisa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni komzimba ngesikhathi sokomisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma kwesikhunta se-plaster kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umswakama owomile wengxenye ngayinye awulingani. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, kulula ukudala ukukhubazeka njengokudla ngokushesha okukhulu kanye nokwanda kwe-porosity yomzimba oluhlaza ngemuva kokubumba. Ukushisa okusebenzayo ekubunjweni kuvame ukulawulwa ku-50-70%. Uma iphakeme, isivinini sokomisa komzimba oluhlaza sihamba kancane, okuzothinta inqubekela phambili ejwayelekile yenqubo elandelayo. Uma umzimba oluhlaza uphansi kakhulu, isivinini sokomisa sizokwenyuka, futhi isivinini sokuncipha sizokhula futhi, esivame ukuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo enokubumba okuyinkimbinkimbi. ezinzima.

Izidingo zesizini zomzimba wokugaya:

Ikhwalithi yomzimba oluhlaza okwakhiwe ngokugaya izwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesizini, ikakhulukazi izinkathi zentwasahlobo nasekwindla zinomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni komzimba oluhlaza, ngoba umoya entwasahlobo nasekwindla unamandla amakhulu kanti nomoya awomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezinengqondo, Umzimba oluhlaza ubangela indawo enkulu yokuqhekeka komoya esiteji sokwakha, okuthinta kakhulu isivuno somzimba oluhlaza. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi umoya awukwazi ukushaya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba oluhlaza, kubangele ukomiswa okungalingani kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba oluhlaza, nokuncipha kwendawo ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuqhekeka. Ngakho-ke, izingqinamba okufanele zinakwe ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nasekwindla yilezi:

• 1. Indawo yokusebenzela yokubumba akumele ivule amakhethini ewindi naseminyango ukuvimbela umoya ongaphandle ukuba ungagadli ngqo emzimbeni wangaphakathi. Uma kunesidingo, zonke izikhala zingambozwa ngefilimu, ukuze ukuncipha kube okufanayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokumiswa.
• 2. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, fafaza amanzi azungeze umsebenzi wokubumba njalo. Inhloso yokufafaza amanzi ukukhulisa umswakama ngaphakathi. Inani lamanzi okufafaza liyadingeka ukufafaza kancane ekuqaleni kwezinkathi zentwasahlobo nasekwindla, futhi likhuphuke kancane kancane, futhi lehle kancane uma lisondela ehlobo nasebusika, kepha unake ukufafaza okuncane noma ngisho ukungafuthisi ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezimvula. Umoya wasehlobo mncane futhi umswakama uphakeme kakhulu. Ungavula amawindi ngaphandle kokufafaza amanzi ngaphakathi. Ebusika, amafasitela kufanele athungwe futhi anamathiselwe ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi.

Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma sithatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuzivikela ngokuya ngezinguquko ezithile zonyaka futhi silawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama endaweni yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, kuzuzisa kakhulu ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo nomkhiqizo.

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