Izinkinga Ezivamile Nezixazululo Zesikhunta Sokudweba Okujulile Kwensimbi Engagqwali

Izici Zokunyathela Zeshidi Lensimbi Engagqwali

• (1) Amaphutha afana nephoyinti lokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, umphumela obalulekile wokubanda oqinile, kanye nokuqhekeka.
• (2) I-conductivity yokushisa imbi kakhulu kune-carbon steel evamile, okuholela kumandla amakhulu okuguqula, amandla okubhoboza kanye namandla okudweba.
• (3) I-deformation yepulasitiki iqina kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudweba okujulile, futhi ipuleti elincanyana kulula ukushwabana noma ukuwa ngesikhathi sokudweba okujulile.
• (4) Izimila ezinamathelayo zijwayele ukubonakala endaweni ejulile yomdwebo, okubangela imihuzuko engathi sína kububanzi obungaphandle bengxenye.
• (5) Kunzima ukufeza isimo esilindelekile ngesikhathi sokudweba okujulile.

Isixazululo Sokunyathela Ishidi Lensimbi Engagqwali

Inkinga yama-nodules okunamathela ohlelweni olujulile lokudweba kweshidi lensimbi engagqwali ibilokhu ihlupha indawo yokukhiqiza futhi ilethe izinkinga ezinkulu kubakhiqizi. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva okunamathela kuhilela izinkinga ze-tribological, kunezici eziningi ezithonyayo. Njengamanje, singaphakamisa kuphela izinyathelo ezivela ema-engeli ahlukene ukuvimbela ukwakheka nokunciphisa izimila zokunamathela.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwengxenye yokusebenza yesikhunta

Uma kubhekwa inkinga ye-adhesion tumor, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokubumba kufanele kusekelwe ebudlelwaneni phakathi kweshidi lensimbi engagqwali kanye nezinto zokubumba. Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kumaphuzu amabili: enye iwukukhetha isikhunta esinamandla okumelana nokunamathela, kanti enye isikhunta esingagugi futhi sinciphisa ukungqubuzana. Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi ezinohlobo olufanayo lwe-lattice yensimbi, isikhala se-lattice, ukuminyana kwama-electron, kanye nezakhiwo ze-electrochemical zikhangana, ikhono eliqinile lokuncibilika, nokunamathela kalula ndawonye, ​​okuholela ku-coefficient yokungqubuzana okukhulu. Ukunyibilika kwe-Cr, i-Ni kanye ne-Fe kukhulu, ngakho-ke kuthambekele kakhulu kumaqhuqhuva ebhondi lapho kudwetshwa ngensimbi yokudayela. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwethusi le-aluminium ekhonjiwe kanye nethusi le-duralumin kunomphumela ongcono wokulwa nokunamathela; ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-tungsten carbide eboshelwe i-carbide enosimende ukwenza idayi ibe nempilo ephindwe izikhathi eziningana kune-Cr12Mov nitriding ethambile, futhi ayinamatheli ekubunjeni; uma ikhodi isetshenziswa i-3054 alloy cast iron idinga ukucishwa ilangabi kuphela ebusweni besikhunta, futhi akukho zicubu zokunamathela ezizovela ebusweni besikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwe-carbide enosimende kungasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezisengozini zesikhunta, ezinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokucindezela, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nobulukhuni obuhlala isikhathi eside nokulawula ukunemba kobukhulu. Nokho, ngenxa yezinkinga zamanani, isetshenziswa kancane ekukhiqizeni.

Ukucubungula okungaphezulu kwengxenye yokusebenza yesikhunta

Ikhwalithi ephezulu yomdwebo wensimbi engagqwali idinga kakhulu. Ubulukhuni obusezingeni eliphansi bunganciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi buthuthukise ukumelana nokunamathela. Ngemuva kokuthi umdwebo uphelile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda iminonjana ye-cnc machining. Izinqubo zokugaya nokupholisha ngokuvamile azinakwa ekukhiqizeni isikhunta. Kufanele kukhonjwe. Kulo lonke isikhunta inqubo machining, umsebenzi wokupholisha kufanele ubhekane nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, ngoba ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali incike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokupholisha isikhunta. Ubulukhuni besikhunta buncishisiwe, futhi inani lokugaya isikhunta liyancishiswa ngokufanayo, futhi impilo yesevisi yesikhunta iyathuthukiswa ngokufanayo. Uma ubuso besikhunta bungapholishiwe ngokwanele, futhi ishidi lensimbi engagqwali lijulile, kulula ukubangela izici ze-adhesion tumors, futhi umkhiqizo odwetshiwe uzoba nemihuzuko engathi sína. Nokho, ukupholisha imihuzuko emkhiqizweni kudla isikhathi futhi akusizi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sisebenze kanzima enqubweni yokupholisha isikhunta. Kuphela lapho ukunemba komshini wesikhunta senziwe ngcono lapho imihuzuko yomkhiqizo ingancishiswa, futhi impilo yokulungisa isikhunta ingathuthukiswa kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha obuhlukahlukene bokupholisha namathuluzi wokupholisha kuye kwavela e-China. Ubuchwepheshe obusha nemishini efana ne-ultrasonic, i-electrolytic polishing, i-abrasive jet, i-extrusion honing, njll. yenziwe. Ngokolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokupholisha kwe-electrochemical kwenziwa ekubunjweni kwe-CrWMo, 3Cr12W8V, kanye ne-Cr12, okufakazele ukuthi ukupholisha kungashintsha ubulukhuni obungaphezulu besikhunta kusuka ku-Ra3.2-Ra1.6 yasekuqaleni kuphela ku-5 kuphela -10 imizuzu. Ngesisekelo salokhu, kuncishiswe ku-Ra0.4-RaO.2. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukucwecwa kwe-electrochemical nakho kungakhuphula ubulukhuni bobuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqoka. Kwesinye isibonelo, umshini wokupholisha we-ultrasonic ungasetshenziselwa ukupholisha kahle kwe-nitrocarburized cavity, okungagwema ukushiyeka kokupholisha ngesandla okulimaza kalula ifilimu ye-nitride. Kufanele sisebenzise futhi sifinyeze ubuchwepheshe obusha bokupholisha.

Inqubo yokugcoba

Kusukela ezicini zokudweba zensimbi engagqwali, kungabonakala ukuthi ukwakheka kwezimila zokunamathela kungenxa yokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi ishidi lensimbi kanye nesikhunta. Leli yiqiniso elingenakuphikiswa. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu eliyinhloko lokukhetha i-lubricant noma i-ejenti yokugqoka ingaphakathi ishidi lensimbi inqubo yokudweba ejulile. Ifilimu yokugcoba ephakathi ayiqhumi kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni futhi idlala indima yokugcoba. "I-Anti-viscosity kanye nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana" yindawo yokuqala eyisisekelo yokukhetha izinto zokugcoba.

Ngokuvamile, ukwengeza ingxenye ethile yezithasiselo zokucindezela okukhulu ku-lubricant noma ukusebenzisa izithambisi eziqinile kungazuza imiphumela engcono. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokugcoba lesithambiso endaweni yensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlanganisela zesulfure, i-phosphorus, ne-chlorine ezisabela ngamakhemikhali endaweni yensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze zikhiqize i-iron sulfide, i-iron chloride, njll. ifilimu kawoyela futhi ithuthukise umthamo wokukhangisa, Ukugcotshwa okuhle kwesikhunta nendawo yomkhiqizo. Izithambisi eziqinile zigcwaliswa emigodini emincane endaweni yensimbi ukuze kuncishiswe izindawo zokuthintana ezomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokugcoba eziqinile zinokuzinza okuphezulu, zingadlala nomphumela wokugcoba emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi azijwayele ukunamathela kwesikhunta. Imvamisa ekukhiqizweni ngokwezinga lokuguquguquka komkhiqizo kanye nokukhetha kwesimo sangempela kanye nefomula (ifomula ingatholakala kubhukwana lokugxiviza elifanele).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha, amafutha amaminerali, ama-synthetic greases, ama-grease, insipho nawo angasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zokuthambisa, futhi abe nomthelela ongcono ekudwebeni kwensimbi engagqwali engajulile. Amafutha e-organic mineral aqukethe i-emulsion encibilikayo emanzini noma ehlanjululwe ngamafutha nawo angasetshenziselwa ukudweba okungajulile. Ukwengeza i-graphite ku-lubricant kungaba nendima ekulweni nokunamathela, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlanza ngemva kokwengeza i-graphite. Uma ukhetha i-3054 alloy cast iron ukwenza isikhunta, i-lubricant evamile ingcono.

Ngokusho kwedatha, izinto zeshidi zingaphathwa ngokugeza okusawoti ukuze kutholwe ungqimba lwesikhunta sensimbi esithambile (njengethusi, i-zinc, umthofu, njll.) ebusweni, futhi ukunamathela kwesikhunta ngeke kwenzeke ngesikhathi somdwebo ojulile. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ifilimu yokugcoba i-polymer ephilayo ene-polyvinyl butyral njengomzimba oyinhloko yakhiwe. Ubuso obungenalutho buphathwa ukuze kutholwe ungqimba lwefilimu yokugcoba ephilayo, engakhubaza kanye nempahla yeshidi, engagwemi kuphela isikhunta Ukuxhumana okuqondile neshidi kuvimbela ukunamathela kwesikhunta futhi kuqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesikhunta nezinto zeshidi kuyancipha kakhulu, futhi kunomphumela omuhle wokugcoba. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi umphumela muhle.

Xhumanisa nale ndatshana: Izinkinga Ezivamile Nezixazululo Zesikhunta Sokudweba Okujulile Kwensimbi Engagqwali

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