I-Magnesium alloy kufas ithandwa kwezimoto

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I-lightweight yemoto "ukuyinciphisa" imoto, futhi ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthuthukile, ukwakheka kokonga amandla kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwemodeli. Ukuhlolwa kufakazela ukuthi uma isisindo sayo yonke imoto sehliswe ngo-10%, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kungakhuphuka ngo-6% ~ 8%; isisindo semoto sincishiswe ngo-1%, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungancishiswa ngo-0.7%; kuwo wonke amakhilogremu ayi-100 esisindo sonke semoto, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 kungancishiswa ngo-0.3 ~ 0.6. Sukuma.

USolwazi Oyingang Ming waseNyuvesi yaseTsinghua, egameni leKomidi Lezeluleko Lamasu Wokulondolozwa Kwezamandla kanye neNew Energy Vehicle Development Strategy, ushicilele okuqukethwe yikhombandlela yomgwaqo yokonga ugesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezimoto ezintsha. Imibono yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe besisindo esincane ehlongozwe kumephu yomgwaqo isetshenziswa ikakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu. Yehlisa isisindo unyaka nonyaka.
Isigaba sokuqala sisuka kowezi-2016 kuya kowezi-2020, sifinyelela ekwehliseni ngo-10% isisindo semoto uma siqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2015. Gxila ekwakhiweni kwensimbi enamandla kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bensimbi obuphambili obuphambili, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwempahla, izindlela zokwakha ezingasindi, ukwakha ubuchwepheshe, inqubo yokushisela kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ukuhlolwa, ukufeza insimbi enamandla kakhulu kuzicelo zezimoto, inani elingaphezu kuka-50%, i-aluminium alloy Research ku ishidi lensimbi uyanyathela ubuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza emzimbeni, funda ubuchwepheshe bokuxhuma kwezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Isigaba sesibili sisuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2025, sifinyelela ekwehliseni ngo-20% isisindo semoto uma siqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2015. Ngobuchwepheshe besizukulwane sesithathu bensimbi yezimoto ne-aluminium alloy technology njengomugqa omkhulu, ibona ukuxubana kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana nensimbi ne-aluminium, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ebanzi yomzimba wonke we-aluminium ukubona ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwezingxenye zekhava ye-aluminium ingxubevange nezingxenye ze-aluminium alloy. Khulisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-magnesium alloy kanye ne-carbon fiber composite izingxenye, khulisa isilinganiso sokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-magnesium alloy kanye ne-carbon fiber, futhi ivolumu ye-aluminium yamabhayisikili ifinyelela kuma-350kg.
Isigaba sesithathu sisuka ku-2026 kuya ku-2030, sifinyelela ekwehliseni ngo-35% isisindo semoto uma siqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2015. Gxila ekuthuthukisweni kwe-magnesium alloy ne-carbon fiber composite technology, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha i-magnesium alloy and composite materials, bona ububanzi- esukela isicelo carbon fibre esiyinhlanganisela impahla kuhlangana umzimba futhi carbon fibre izingxenye, futhi udabule eziyinkimbinkimbi okuyingxenye ukwakha ubuchwepheshe kanye izingxenye izingxenye heterogeneous uxhumano. Ingxubevange ye-magnesium yamabhayisikili ifinyelela kuma-45kg, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon fiber kubanga u-5% wesisindo semoto.
Ngokwezibalo, ngonyaka we-2016, inani lenhlanganisela yebhayisikili ye-magnesium ekhiqizwe eChina yayingu-7.3kg kuphela, okusesekude kakhulu nenhloso ka-45kg we-bicycle magnesium alloy ngo-2030. I-Magnesium alloy inemakethe ebanzi yezicelo ezingasindi esikhathini esizayo futhi inamandla angenamkhawulo.
Izakhiwo nezinzuzo zeMagnesium
Ubuningi obuphansi
Ubuningi be-die-cast magnesium alloy yi-2/3 kuphela ye-aluminium alloy, i-1/4 yensimbi, amandla athile nokuqina okuthile kungcono kunensimbi ne-aluminium alloy, kuphakeme kakhulu kunamaplastiki wobunjiniyela, ngakho-ke i-die-cast magnesium alloy iyi inhle kakhulu kokuningi Isakhiwo esilula esingancintisana nezinto ezingenhla emkhakheni wokufaka isicelo.
Ukumuncwa okuhle kokudlidliza
Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukudlidlizela nokwehliswa komsindo. Isibonelo, ezingeni lokucindezeleka lika-35 MPa, i-coefficient ye-attenuation ye-magnesium alloy AZ91D ingama-25%, kanti leyo ye-aluminium alloy A380 ingu-1% kuphela. Emazingeni okuxineka ayi-100MP, ama-magnesium alloys AZ91D, AM60, ne-AS41 angama-53%, 72%, no-70%, ngokulandelana, kanti i-aluminium alloy A380 ingu-4% kuphela.
Ukuzinza okuphezulu okuphezulu
Ukungazinzi kobukhulu be-magnesium alloy die castings ngenxa yezinguquko ekushiseni kwama-ambient nesikhathi kunciphile.
Ukuziphatha okuphezulu okuphezulu
Ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kwe-magnesium alloy (60-70W / m-1 K-1) kungokwesibili kuphela ku-aluminium alloy (cishe i-100-70W m-1 K-1), ngakho-ke ukungafani kokushisa kuhle.
I-non-magnetic, ingasetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-electromagnetic.
Ukumelana okuhle kokugqoka
Ingxubevange yeMagnesium nayo ine-damping coefficient enhle. Amandla we-damping makhulu kunaleyo ye-aluminium alloy ne-cast iron. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ukunciphisa umsindo. Ingasetshenziselwa izihlalo namasondo ukunciphisa ukudlidliza nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha nokunethezeka kwemoto. Ingxubevange yeMagnesium ilula ngesisindo, inamandla ekusebenzeni kokumunca ukushaqeka, inhle ekusebenzeni ekubunjweni, iphezulu emandleni okukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo nasekufeni kwempilo, futhi izinzile ngobukhulu. Njengento elula kakhulu yobunjiniyela, i-magnesium alloy akuyona into efaneleke kakhulu yokuphonsa izingxenye zezimoto, kodwa futhi nokukhanya kwemoto okuphumelela kakhulu. Qoqa izinto zokwakha.

Isimo magnesium ingxubevange yezimoto die ekubunjweni umkhakha
Ukuthuthuka okulula kwezimoto kukhulise ukufunwa kokuphonswa kwe-alloy elula njenge-magnesium ne-aluminium. Kusukela ngo-1990, i-magnesium yezimoto ibikhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-20%. Ama-alloys e-Magnesium abe yinsimu ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bezinto zezimoto. Izinto zokwenziwa kwe-die-casting magnesium alloy zifanelekile ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni kabusha umnotho, ukonga ugesi, ikhabhoni ephansi nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze kabusha nenqubo ephansi ye-chipless. Babaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ziye ku-lightweight. Abakhiqizi bezingxenye ezinkulu zemoto balibambe ngentshiseko ithuba lokuthuthuka futhi batshale imali ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukiseni i-magnesium alloy automotive die die castings. Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye- "China Magnesium Alloy Automotive Die Casting Industry Analysis Report", ngo-2015, imboni yaseChina yezimoto zokuphonsa imishini yokufa ifinyelela kumathani ayi-149,000, okuwukwanda ngo-23.12%. Njengamanje, izinkampani zezimoto ezifuywayo nezangaphandle zisebenza emzimbeni (cishe ama-30%), injini (cishe i-18%), uhlelo lokudlulisa (cishe i-15%), uhlelo lokuhamba (cishe i-16%), namasondo (cishe i-10%). 5%) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Magnesium ngensimbi noma izingxenye ze-aluminium.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-alloys ebhayisikili magnesium akhiqizwa eChina, amandla emakethe e-china's magnesium alloy automotive die-casting industry izofinyelela amathani angama-229,000 ngo-2017, futhi amandla emakethe azofinyelela kumathani ayi-660,000 ngo-2022, ngenani lonyaka lokukhula kwenhlanganisela ka-23.5%.
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba jikelele kwe-magnesium ngamabhayisikili kuphansi, futhi isidingo sokwandiswa kwama-magnesium alloys ezimoto siqinile. Izinto ezingasindi ezifana nensimbi enamandla amakhulu, i-aluminium alloy, kanye nama-plastiki abunjiniyela asetshenziswe kabanzi ezicini ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto nezimoto. Ama-alloys we-Magnesium awakhuthazwa kabanzi futhi asetshenziselwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ama-alloys we-Magnesium asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapaneli wezinsimbi. Ubakaki, ubakaki wokuqondisa, i-hood, isondo lokushayela, ubakaki wesihlalo, iphaneli lomnyango wangaphakathi, izindlu zokudlulisa, njll. Njengamanje, imoto ngayinye eNyakatho Melika isebenzisa u-3.8kg we-magnesium alloy, i-9.3kg eJapan, ne-14kg ye-magnesium alloy yemoto ngayinye kwi-European PASSAT ne-Audi A4, kanti ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezimoto zaseChina kungu-1.5kg kuphela ngemoto ngayinye.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium alloy ku-lightweighting yemoto

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi semoto

Yize ama-alloys we-magnesium enokumelana nokugqwala okungalungile, ukuvikelwa kokugqwala akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi kwezimoto. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys we-magnesium asetshenziswe kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi kwezimoto, ikakhulukazi kumapaneli wezinsimbi nasezakhiweni zokuqondisa. Kubikwa ukuthi insika yokuqala yensimbi ye-magnesium alloy yaphonswa yi-General Motors ngo-1961, isindisa u-4 kg wezinto uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezifanayo ezikhiqizwa yi-zinc alloy die-casting. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zethreyili lokuphonsa izinsimbi zomshini we-magnesium kwenziwe inqubekela phambili enkulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesihlanganisi se-magnesium esihlalweni kwaqala eJalimane ngeminyaka yama-1990, ikakhulukazi eSL Roadster kusetshenziswa isakhiwo sebhande esinamaphuzu amathathu esenziwe nge-magnesium die-casting. Ngokufana nokusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium alloy kuphaneli yensimbi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwakhiwa nokwenziwa kwezihlalo ezenziwe nge-magnesium alloy kutholakale inqubo yokwenza ngcono. Isakhiwo sesihlalo esine-magnesium alloy manje sesingaba mncane njengo-2mm, esinciphisa kakhulu isisindo. Yize kusetshenziswa nezinye izinto ezifana nensimbi enamandla amakhulu, i-aluminium nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ama-alloys e-magnesium azoba yinto enkulu yezingxenye zezihlalo ezingasindi futhi ezingabizi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

Umzimba Ozenzakalelayo

Ama-alloys we-Magnesium akhawulelwe ekusetshenzisweni komzimba, kepha asetshenziswa kuma-OEMs. Ngenkathi iGeneral Motors yethula i-C-5 Corvette ngo-1997, yasebenzisa uphahla oluphelele lwophahla lwe-magnesium alloy die-cast. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium alloy nayo yasetshenziswa ophahleni oluguqukayo lwe-hardtop eshintshwayo nohlaka oluphezulu lweCadillac XLR Convertible. Iloli lakwaFord F -150 ne-SUV nazo zisebenzisa ama-coated magnesium castings njenge-bracket sink. EYurophu, kwaVolkswagen naseMercedes-Benz bahole ekusetshenzisweni kokuphonswa kwezindonga ezincanyana zemagnesium kumaphaneli womzimba.

chassis

Njengamanje, kusetshenziswe noma kusetshenziswe amasondo e-magnesium alloy asetshenzisiwe ezimotweni eziningi zokugijima ezinentengo ephezulu noma ezimotweni ezisebenza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu nezinkinga zokugqwala ezingaba khona zamasondo e-magnesium alloy zivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezimotweni ezikhiqiza ivolumu ephezulu.
Ngokuzayo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingasindi, ezingabizi kakhulu ze-chassis chassis, ezinjengamahabhu, ukumiswa kwezinjini kanye nezingalo zokulawula, kuzoncika kakhulu kwinqubo yokukhipha i-magnesium alloy, futhi kuthuthukiswe kumasondo e-aluminium alloy nasezingxenyeni ze-chassis. Inqubo yokusakaza ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuma-alloys we-magnesium ngemuva kokuguqulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezendleko eziphansi, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nama-alloys amasha we-magnesium ngokukhathala namandla amakhulu okuthelela kuzosheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys we-magnesium ku-chassis.

I-Powertrain

Iningi lokuphonswa kwe-powertrain, njengebhulokhi yenjini, ikhanda lesilinda, ikesi lokudlulisa, ipani likawoyela, njll. Lenziwe nge-aluminium alloy. Njengamanje, amaloli okupaka kanye namaSUV akhiqizwe eNyakatho Melika kube ukuhanjiswa kwe-magnesium alloy, kanti amaVolkswagen ne-Audi's magnesium alloy manual transmissions nawo akhiqizwa ngobuningi eYurophu naseChina.
Njengamanje, inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-dynamometer kuma-prototypes enjini athuthukiswe nge-magnesium, okusho ukuthi ama-alloys amaningi we-magnesium azosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla ngokuzayo.
Izinselelo ezinkulu ekukhuthazeni nasekusebenziseni ama-alloys we-magnesium
Ukumelana nokugqwala okungampofu, izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokulahla okuyizithiyo ezidumile kuma-alloys we-magnesium.
Ama-alloys e-Magnesium awanazo izinkinga zezindleko eziphakeme zokuphonswa kokufa, isilinganiso esisheshayo sezinto ezilahliwe, nezingozi ezifihliwe zomkhiqizo ophephile. UDu Fangci, umeluleki weChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers, uthe i-magnesium iyinto esebenzayo kakhulu futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwayo kubi kakhulu. Ikhono laseChina lobuchwepheshe ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwezingxenye ze-magnesium alloy kubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium ithambekele ekushiseni nasekuqhumeni ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi kunezinkinga zokukhiqiza zokuphepha. Izindawo zokukhiqiza zidinga ukuphathwa okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile.
Ngokushesha kokufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni, amandla aya ngokuya ngokwanda, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuya kuba kubi kakhulu, futhi ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokwehlisa ukungcola kube yimicimbi ebalulekile emayelana nomnotho wezwe nempilo yabantu. Zombili izimoto zendabuko nezimoto zamandla ezintsha ezisafufusa zinaka kakhulu ukwakheka okungasindi komzimba ukuze kutholakale ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ama-alloys we-Magnesium wezimoto ayachuma, futhi inqubo ye-magnesium alloy die-casting iya ngokuya ikhula ngokwengeziwe, futhi ibanga lesicelo liyakhula. Izingxenye ezinkulu zemoto ye-magnesium alloy die-casting izothuthukisa inqubo yokunciphisa imoto.

Xhumanisa nale ndatshana: Ngabe i-magnesium alloy die castings ingaduma ekusindisweni kwezimoto?

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